Uso de herbicidas na redução de superbrotamento em alho

Abstract

Aimed to verify the herbicides effect in the secondary growth control, productivity and quality in garlic. The plots consisting in beds of 1.2 m wide and 1,0 m length, with six lines of planting in double rows. The treatments were 5 herbicides: Glyphosate; Etoxysulfuron; Imazapyr; Halosulfuron and Metsulfuron-methyl and 5 doses (0; 10; 15; 20 and 25% of the smallest dose recommended for control of weed). it was used the cultivar Quitéria originating from meristem culture. The experimental design was a randomized blocks, with 3 repetitions. The application of the doses of the herbicides was realized 50 days after the planting. The following evaluations were made: total and marketable yield of bulbs, percentage of secondary growth in bulbs, medium mass of commercial bulbs and number of cloves per bulb of the commercial production. The herbicides Halosulfuron and Etoxysulfuron were shown very aggressive the culture of the garlic, causing the death of all the plants. Larger productivities total and marketable was observed for the herbicide Glyphosate, 13,93 t ha-1 and 13,16 t ha-1 , with doses of 10,81% and 13,12% of the commercial dose, respectively. The smallest incidence of secondary growth 4,05% was observed for Glyphosate with 15,58% of the dose. The largest medium mass of commercial bulbs 35,75g were observed for the herbicide Glyphosate with 15,83% of the dose. The herbicides Imazapyr and Metsulfuronmethyl reduced the total productivity in relation to the control treatment without herbicide application and they promoted little gain in commercial productivity. Doses above 15% promoted reduction in the productivity and increase the secondary growth for all the tested herbicides. The dose of 15,58% of Gliphosate was efficient in the secondary growth control. The herbicides of the group sulfonylurea’s reduced the productivity or they caused the death of the plants for the studied doses