Incidência de pragas e doenças em agroecossistemas de café orgânico de agricultores familiares em poço fundo-mg

Abstract

Having as an aim the determination of insect plagues, Leucoptera coffeella (GUÉRIN-MENÉVILLE, 1842) and Hypothenemus hampei (FERRARI, 1867) and diseases incidence Hemileia vastatrix (BERK e BROOME, 1869) and Cercospora coffeicola (BERK e CURTIS, 1880) during the period from January of 2001 to December of 2002, three agroecosystems with production of organic coffee conducted by familiar farmers of the city of Poço Fundo-MG were selected. The agroecosystem I possesses 2.200 plants of the cultivar ‘Red Catuai’ spaced 2,5 x 1,3 m (0,72 ha). The agroecosystem II has 2.000 plants (‘Red Catuai’) spaced 2,8 x 1,0 m (0,56 ha). The agroecosystem III possesses 1.100 feet (‘Yellow Icatu’) spaced 3,0 x 0,9 m (0,36 ha). The determination of the incidence of L. coffeella, C. coffeicola and H. vastatrix was accomplished starting from monthly surveys. The determination of the infection for C. coffeicola in fruits was accomplished in the months of April, May and June of 2001 and 2002. The survey of the infestation by H. hampei was accomplished from January to June/July of each year. It was determined that the infestation by L. coffeella has reached over 20% in the upper third (mainly during the dry period). The infestation by H. hampei has reached the damage level only in the agroecosystem I on 2001 and agroecosystem III on 2002. The infection by H. vastatrix in the agroecosystem III did not reach the damage level due to the tolerance of the cultivar (‘Yellow Icatu’) to the infection by this fungus, however, the agroecosystem I and II (‘Red Catuai’) the infection in the field exceeded 10% (dry period). The infection by C. coffeicola in leaves and fruits reached high levels (dry period). The productivity of the agroecosystem I was 510 Kg ha-1 on 2001 and 2.340 Kg ha-1 on 2002, in the agroecosystem II, it was 420 Kg ha-1 on 2001 and 1.290 Kg ha-1 on 2002, and in the agroecosystem III, it was practically zero on 2001 and 2.010 Kg ha-1 on 2002.