Diversidade genética, caracterização nutricional e conteúdo de DNA de diferentes tecidos de Butia capitata

Abstract

Butia capitata is an endangered native palm of Cerrado popularly known as coquinho-azedo. Its fruits are widely consumed in the northern region of Minas Gerais mainly fresh and as juice, ice cream and popsicles. However, many aspects such as the quantification of genetic diversity and nutritional contents of coquinho-azedo were not studied. Given the above the aim of this work was to identify and quantify the genetic diversity of four natural and fragmented populations of Butia capitata in Northern Minas Gerais, Brazil and one collection located at the Institute of Agricultural Sciences (ICA) using ISSR markers. Evaluate the nutritional composition of ripe fruits of this palm in different regions and groups of plants in northern Minas Gerais. To determine DNA content and evaluate the quality of the analysis in flow cytometry of different structures originated from various stages of in vitro germination of zygotic embryos as well as characterize morphologically and anatomically the studied material. To this end, three studies were performed: in the first five populations of coquinho-azedo- were delimited, DNA was extracted from leaves and analyzed by ISSR markers. In the second study ripe fruit of 24 plants per location from four locations in northern Minas were collected and the nutritional composition was characterized. Finally, in the last study the DNA content and the coefficient of variation were determined from structures formed during the germination of Butia capitata, therefore, was set up an experiment with 16 treatments, cotyledon petiole evaluated at 8, 16 and 27 days, haustorium at 8, 16 and 27 days, primary root at 16, 27 and 37 days, the sheath 16, 27, and 37 days, leaves at 37 days and leaves of the adult plant. The results of the first study allowed to infer that there is greater diversity within populations , we observed the formation of three major groups; one with plants of the populations of Bonito de Minas, ICA and Abóboras, a second with plants of ICA and Cristália and a third one with plants of Mirabela and Cristália . In the second study it was found that the pulp of Butia capitata is quite acid and has a high concentration of vitamin C, total phenolics and antioxidant capacity, however, has low amount of total sugars. The pulp of Butia capitata has high humidity and median values of fiber and protein. The potassium and iron are present in larger amounts in pulp B. capitata. In the last essay cotyledon petiole structures and haustorium after 8 days of in vitro culture had its DNA contents changed over the evaluated periods showing high variation coefficients. The sheath, petiole and cotyledon radicle have lower coefficients of variation and equal amounts of DNA, being these structures the most reliable for tissue analysis in Butia capitata.