A corrupção na perspectiva durkheimiana: uma análise da Operação Lava Jato

Abstract

Corruption implies a series of damaging consequences for the democratic system which is a basis for political and social development in contemporary states. The immoral and illegal search for the satisfaction of private interests to the detriment of the public interest can cause, among countless consequences, loopholes in the treasury, harming public policies and accentuating social inequality, besides favors to certain economic and political groups capable of generating disastrous effects in the management and the economy. In Brazil, the largest corruption investigation ever conducted in the country was discovered in 2014 by the Federal Police, discovering practices of financial crime and public misconduct. In this sense, the present work aims to develop and apply a theoretical model for the analysis of corruption as a Durkheimian social fact in order to interpret and state the case of Operation Lava Jato. The specific objectives are: to carry out a study of a descriptive nature for the content of Social Fact Theory, systematically associating concepts, methods and applications found in the works of the author, therefore, to elaborate a theoretical model of analysis of corruption; how the phenomenon of corruption has been observed in Brazilian public administration through Durkheim's theory of social fact; and the application of the theoretical model for the study of corruption as a social, coercive, external and general fact for the study and the case of Operation Lava Jet, through a Durkheimian conception of the social sciences. The importance of this study lies in the possibility of analyzing the social fact of corruption in the scenario of Lava Jato Operation from a functionalist conception, capable of promoting an interpretation of corruption before the structure of social institutions and norms, thus not treating the phenomenon only as a psychological facet of the individual. The objective is the expansion and its causes, potentiating as possibilities of success. The dissertation is divided into three articles. The first one consists of a theoretical essay that aims to carry out a descriptive study to understand the Social Fact Theory, systematically associating the concepts, methods and applications found in the works of the author himself and, therefore, to elaborate a model theoretical analysis of corruption. In the second article is carried out a theoretical essay with the scope to verify how the phenomenon of the corruption in the Brazilian public administration developed, defending the thesis that this phenomenon consists in a social fact through the Durkheimian conception. Lastly, the third article consists of a case study for the analysis and understanding of Operation Lava Jato through the application of a theoretical model for the study of corruption as a Durkheimian social fact.