Doses de calcário na construção da fertilidade do perfil do solo

Abstract

The acidity of the soil is related to the low availability of nutrients, being one of the most limiting factors to the productivity of the crops. Liming is one of the most effective practices to eliminate these limitations. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of liming in soil acidity correction and availability of Ca 2 + and Mg 2 + in depth, as well as its effect on soil physical attributes and soybeans and beans productivity. The work was carried out in the Santa Helena, Muquém and Ingaí farms, which are located in the Campos das Vertentes mesoregion, under a clayey Red-Yellow Latosol. The experimental design was a randomized block design with four blocks. The treatments consisted of six doses of limestone (0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 15 Mg ha -1 ), incorporated at 0,4 m depth. In parallel, another experiment was carried out in a greenhouse, with incubation of the same limestone doses in the layer samples of 0.0 to 0.4 m of the soils of the field areas, in pots with a capacity of 2 dm 3 . In the first experiment, the influence of liming on the chemical and physical attributes of the soil, as well as nutrient concentrations in leaves and yields of soybean (Santa Helena and Muquém farms) and beans (Ingaí farm) were evaluated. In the second experiment, the influence of liming on soil chemical attributes was evaluated. At the end, the data collected were submitted to statistical analysis. In general, it was possible to observe that liming increased the pH and V% values and the Ca and Mg contents, reducing H + Al levels, in both experiments. In the first experiment, it was observed that there was no influence of the limestone doses on the physical attributes of the soil. Generally, macro and micronutrient leaf concentrations were within the appropriate range. Productivity was positively influenced by liming rates. There was an increase of 24, 21 and 18% in soybean and bean crop yields at the Santa Helena, Muquém and Ingaí farms, with the rates of 9.4, 15 and 7.5 Mg ha -1 of limestone, respectively.