Efeito da suplementação com minerais biocomplexados em dietas para frangos tipo caipira sobre o desempenho, características de carcaça e qualidade de carne

Abstract

Themineral supplementation is used in poultry farming with the objective of promoting increase in performance, in the main carcass characteristics and improvements in meat quality aspects. Among the minerals used in the diet for broilers, chromium and selenium are highlighted, which are vital for the development of animals and perform various metabolic functions in the organism. For alternative poultry farming are scarce the reports in the literature that evaluate the effect of mineral supplementation on performance, carcass characteristics and meat quality. In this context, this thesis had as main objective to evaluate the influence of the supplementation with chromium and selenium biocomplexes, on the performance, the carcass characteristics and the meat quality of broilers of the lineage Label Rouge, of both sexes.In the first part, a bibliographic review was carried out addressing the general aspects of chromium and selenium in the diet of broilers. The second part was divided into three articles. The first one addressed the effect of supplementation with chromium and selenium biocomplexes on the performance and carcass characteristics of broilers of the Label Rouge lineage of both sexes, beyond to the economic efficiency of the experimental diets and the costs with the feeding of the birds.The addition of the minerals in the diet did not alter the performance, the carcass parameters andthe costs with the feeding of the birds. The control treatment (without the addition of biocomplexed minerals) presented the best index of economic efficiency (IEE), followed by the treatment with chromium and, finally, the diet with selenium.Regarding sex, males presented better performance and better carcass characteristics. In addition, they were more economically efficient, because the cost of gaining one kilogram of live weight was lower when compared to females. The second article addressed the effect of mineral supplementation on quality aspects of the breast and thigh meat;and on the concentration of selenium in breast meat. The addition of biocomplexed chromium and selenium in the diet did not alter the physico-chemical and bromatological parameters in both cuts and in the concentration of selenium in the breast. In relation to sex, females presented better attributes of meat quality, mainly because they presented a more yellowish color tone and a higher color intensity in the meat of the breast.The third article reported the effect of mineral supplementation on the fatty acid profile of breast meat and broilers thigh.The inclusion of biocomplexed selenium in the diet improved the lipid quality of broilers breast meat, mainly due to the increase in the content of fatty acids of long chain of the series omega 3 and 6, represented by the docosahexaenoic (DHA) and arachidonic acids, respectively.The males presented better lipid content in the thigh meat, in which were observed, respectively, higher and lower contents of polyunsaturated and saturated fatty acids. In addition, males had lower rates of atherogenicity and thrombogenicity in the same cut, indicating a lower risk of cardiovascular diseases.