Viabilidade econômica da implantação de tecnologias ambientalmente corretas e seus impactos no custo de produção do leite

Abstract

We aimed at analyzing the economic feasibility of environmentally correct technologies in dairy farming and estimating their impact on the cost of dairy production. We specifically intended to analyze the profitability of the dairy activity of a dairy production system located in the south of Minas Gerais, Brazil, to identify the components that have greater representativeness over the final costs of the activity, as well as the impact of each on the revenue, estimate the balance point (kg of dairy/year) and the balance price of milk (R$/kg of milk/year), analyze the economic feasibility of implementing a Canadian-type biodigester to generate electricity in a dairy production system in the south of Minas Gerais, analyze the economic feasibility of implementing an infrastructure to reuse the sand from free s tall beds of a dairy production system and analyze the economic feasibility of using the infrastructure to collect rainwater from the roof of free-stall sheds. The research was conducted on a property located in the municipality of Ilicínea, MG, in the per iod between January 2016 and December 2017. We implanted a few infrastructures that minimize environmental impacts, which we denominated environmentally correct technologies. The production system is intensive, with accommodation for all lactating and pre -calving cows, in two free-stall sheds with dimensions of 90 m x 30 m (shed 1) and 60 m x 30 m (shed 2), with 230 and 198 individual beds, respectively, and capacity to house approximately 428 Holstein cows, purebred or pure by origin. The average daily pro duction was 11,864.95 (±1,388.79) L and, approximately, 32.28 (±2.68) L of milk per lactating cow, in three milkings. The environmentally correct biodigester and sand recovery technologies showed economic feasibility for the production system, while the co llection of rainwater was unfeasible. The total environmental operating cost of a kilogram of milk was estimated at R$ 0.015 and represented 1.505% of the total operating cost. The effective environmental operating cost was R$ 0.006, corresponding to 0.622% of the total operating cost. The total environmental cost, estimated at R$ 0.032, represented 3.325% of the total cost. The component items of the effective operating cost that exercised the greatest representativeness were, in decreasing order, food, labor, health, production hormone (bST), vehicle, machine, and implement maintenance, improvement maintenance, energy, and sand for free stall beds. The balance point was estimated at 1,104,038.54 kg of milk/year, or 3,024.76 kg of milk/day, while production was 4,271,383.00 kg of milk/year and 11,702.42 kg of milk/day.