Adoção de políticas industriais e a eficiência relativa dos setores da indústria brasileira

Abstract

The industrialization process of the Brazilian economy took place late, only in the middle of the 20th century. Furthermore, because of the economic disturbances experienced by the country in the 1980s and 1990s, industrial policies were interrupted and the focus shifted to macroeconomic solidity. They were resumed only in the post-2003 period and yet with conflicts over the forms they should take. There are theories that defend industrial policies only to remedy market failures, while others understand them as an incentive engine for the economy. Their long-term effects and their sensitivity to the economic situation make the process of evaluating these policies more complex. Therefore, the objective of this research is to analyze the relative efficiency of the sectors of the industry based on industrial policies adopted by Brazil in the post-2003 period, when considering economic factors as performance variables. First, cluster analysis was applied in order to verify whether economic factors were considered in the formulation of industrial policies. Then, Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index assessed the relative efficiency of the sectors and the impact of technical and technological changes on the level of efficiency. Finally, with the results obtained in the DEA, the Tobit regression measured the effect of industrial policies and economic factors on the relative efficiency of the sectors. The results indicate that most of the policies created after 2003 considered the situation of economic factors, that part of the sectors increased their efficiency in the period and that industrial policies contributed to this efficiency.