Desenvolvimento de cafeeiros consorciados com espécies madeireiras

Abstract

Coffee cultivation in Brazil generates economic growth of relevant importance throughout its history and allows the country to stand out as the largest coffee producer in the world. However, many socio-environmental impacts have been triggered from the predominance of cultivation in full sun, placing vulnerable agricultural activities as advanced consequences of climate change. Therefore, the present work aims to evaluate the temporal influence of coffee under the interference of different tree species in spacing functions regarding: i) the impacts of intercropping on ecophysiology; ii) the impacts on the vegetative and productive development and iii) sensory quality and coffee cultivation. The experiment was installed in Santo Antônio de Amparo, state of Minas Gerais, in 2012. A randomized block design (RBD) with four replications was used, as follows: cultivar Catuai IAC 99 in monoculture (3.40m x 0.65m) and intercropped with African mahogany, teak and acrocarp, using two spacing (9 x 13.6m and 18 x 13.6m) in the coffee trees lines. Between the lines, three coffee lines were implemented, totaling 13.6 m. The following physiological analyzes were performed from 2015 to 2018 in the rainy and dry seasons: A, gs, E, DPV, T, U, R, NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) WB1(Water band index ), ARI1 (Anthocyanin reflectance index), SIPI, PRI (Photochemical reflectance index ) and MPa (Water band index). Productivity (bags ha-1

) was evaluated each year. As for vegetative development, height (m), stem diameter (cm) and crown diameter (m) were evaluated for coffee trees. They were also subjected to fruit ripening (%), sensory analysis (coffee proof) of grains, content analysis of sensory attributes and yield (l/sc). The lowest values of DPV and T were found for coffee cultivated in the agroforestry system, mainly in the rainy season. Plant height was influenced by the tree species. The system intercropped with tree species did not influence coffee productivity until the 3rd harvest. Nevertheless, for the 5th harvest, intercropping with mahogany was positive, although the treatment did not influence the accumulated productivity. The sensory analysis was positively altered in the intercropping system in the year 2018. The sensory attributes and nuances are modified by the years of harvest.