Resíduos de frutos de pequi no controle do nematóide das galhas em tomateiro

Abstract

The exocarp and external mesocarp of pequi fruit are discarded during the extraction of internal mesocarp which is the commercial part used as food. The objective of this research was to study the use of aqueous extract and of pequi ground-powder to the control of root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne javanica). From ground pequi fruit exocarp and external mesocarp were obtained the aquaeous extract and powder. Five doses of aquaeous extract (0.0; 2.5; 5; 10 or 20%) were evaluated on root-knot nematode J2 (second stage juvenile) hatching and mortality. The assays were carried out in entirely randomized design with 10 replications. The hatching assay was set in Petri plates with 800 nematode eggs and 10 mL of different doses of extract. During 14 days we counted the number of hatched juveniles under optical microscope. The mortality assay of root-knot nematode was evaluated putting 100 µL of each dose of extract plus 20 µL of supension containing 20 J2 in each cell Elisa plate. After 24 h was counted the number of live and dead juveniles. The pequi powder was tested in tomato plants in greenhouse in four doses (0; 7.5; 15 or 30 g/4 kg of soil) in randomized blocks design with 10 replications per treatment. The pequi powder was incorporated to the soil seven days before transplanting and nematode eggs inoculation was carried out after transplanting. After 40 days we evaluated the number of galls, egg masses, eggs/root and J2 per 200 cm3 soil and the tomato shoot dry weight and height. The aquaeous extract reduced J2 hatching and increased J2 mortality. The increased application of powder doses reduced the number of galls, egg masses and eggs of root-knot nematodes per root system and the tomato shoot dry weight being a good indication of phytotoxicity.