Desempenho agronômico e resposta à poda de progênies de café arábica em areas infestadas por Meloidogyne spp.

Abstract

Nematodes can cause significant damage to the coffee root system, impairing nutrient absorption and, consequently, dropping the crop productivity and final product quality. The present study aimed to evaluate the performance of coffee progenies in areas infested with nematodes, in order to select the promising progenies to obtain resistant genotypes to Meloidogyne exigua and Meloidogyne paranaensis, with agronomic characteristics and superior sensory quality when compared to traditional cultivars. In addition, responsiveness to “esqueletamento” pruning progenies in an area infested by Meloidogyne exigua was verified. Three experiments were carried out in different locations. The first experiment, installed at the Ouro Verde Farm in the municipality of Campos Altos-MG, compared 23 progenies with seven cultivars used as control in order to select progenies resistant to M. exigua, which have good agronomic characteristics and sensory quality, when grown in an area infested by this nematode. Before and after the “esqueletamento” prunning, the evaluated characteristics were: yield (bags of processed coffee ha-1); ripeness; percentage of hollow fruits; sieve classification 17 and above; vegetative vigor and in the last harvest were evaluated the sensory quality of 10 progenies previously selected by Rezende et al. (2013) due to high productivity and resistance to M. exigua. The progenies 514-7-4-C130, 493-1-2-C134 and 518-2-10-C408 excelled in the agronomic characteristics, standing out in relation to the cultivars. The progenies 436-1-4-C26, 518-2-6-C182, 514-7-16-C208, 493-1-2-C218 and 514-5-2-C494 presented a sensory quality classified as excellent, standing out other progenies evaluated. Two other experiments were carried out with the 10 previously selected progenies that underwent sensory analysis. The second experiment was carried out at Fazenda da Lagoa in an area infested by M. exigua, located in the municipality of Santo Antônio do Amparo-MG, was composed of 10 nematode-resistant progenies, the cultivar Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 as a susceptible control and the cultivars IPR 100 and Paraíso MG H 419-1 as resistant control. The variables productivity, vegetative vigor, percentage of ripeness, percentage of hollow fruits and the population of nematodes (eggs + J2) in the roots were evaluated. The progenies 514-7-4-C130-MST9 and 514-7-16-C208-MS13 have the potential for selection of resistant plants, standing out in the evaluation of agronomic characteristics and presenting low infestation of M. exigua. The progeny 514-7-4-C130-MST9 showed late maturation, while the 514-7-16-C208-MS13 showed medium maturation. The third experiment was conducted in an area infested by M. paranaensis, at Fazenda Guaiçara located in the municipality of Piumhi-MG. 10 progenies were compared in order to identify those resistant to M. paranaensis with the cultivars Catuaí Vermelho IAC 99 susceptible control and IPR 100 resistant control. The variables productivity, vegetative vigor, sieve classification 17 and above and the nematode population (eggs + J2) in the roots were evaluated. The progenies 514-7-14-C73-MST4, 518-2-6-C182-MST12 and 493-1-2-C218-MST15 stood out in relation to the other progenies in terms of productivity and reaction of the plant to the nematode grade, which may indicate moderate resistance to Meloydogyne paranaensis.