Dano ambiental em área urbana: Metodologia para valoração ambiental aplicada ao município de Lavras/MG

Abstract

Disorderly urbanization has been causing large modifications caused by anthropic actions. The inadequate land use and occupation, and the irregular use of Green and Preservation Areas are collaborating with the reduction of natural environments in cities. Urban occupations that do not respect urban planning and subdivision plans, can cause irreversible environmental damage. In this sense, recovery actions are required based on environmental valuation methods, which are strategic tools for the public authorities to act more effectively in the solution of some of cities' problems. This work aims to analyze and propose a methodology for environmental damage valuation, which will be used as a basis for calculating penalties for the study area localized in the urban mesh of the municipality of Lavras/MG. For proposing the methodology, data and information were collected with the Municipality of Lavras, composed by aerial images captured by drone from the years 2018 and 2019, as well as the approved plans of the urban projects of the subdivisions. Subsequently, the main methods of environmental valuation applied in urban areas were analyzed and we suggested the the method that best applies to the reality of the municipality of Lavras/MG. The study of the methods showed that some uses variables that require high investments for their aquisition, in addition to being difficult to measure by the Government. Thus, a proposal for a formula was developed, with a description of the calculation memorial for the valuation of environmental damage in the municipality. As a result, a proposal for a methodology for valuation of environmental damage was obtained. The methodology proposed enables the calculation of environmental fines, so that the citizen bears its environmental irresponsibility. In addition, it brings guidelines in the form of a check list that can subsidize/guide the performance of the professional who works in the environmental area in the municipality of Lavras/MG, for the preparation of technical assessment reports of environmental damage.