Avaliação de impactos ambientais no reuso de águas residuárias da cafeicultura

Abstract

This work evaluated the environmental impacts generated by the inadequate disposal of by-products generated in the coffee processing, in a farm located in the southeast region of the State of Minas Gerais, as well as recommendations for solutions for the generated environmental liabilities. A comparison was made between the characteristics observed in loco and the identification of impacts observed by several scholars. Therefore, a bibliographic analysis was carried out using bibliographic data sources taken from databases such as CAPES, Scielo, dissertations and theses. The data were obtained through a survey carried out in a farm located in the south of Minas Gerais, whose main agricultural activity is the wet processing of coffee. The presence of a strong odor in the vicinity of the two reservoirs with accumulation of effluent, as well as the dark color of the liquid and the proliferation of algae, indicate a high concentration of organic matter. For the reuse of these effluents in fertigation, it is recommended to implement an anaerobic treatment system and an appropriate coating on the bed of the effluent accumulation ditch, to prevent its infiltration into the soil, reducing the risk of environmental contamination. Likewise, strict control must be made regarding the salinity of the ARC and the characteristics of the soil, under the risk of causing irreversible environmental damagein the area destined for planting, due to the high concentrations of sodium in the effluent. Finally, in line with the results obtained in the survey, it was possible to observe signs of eutrophication and excess organic matter. These factors prevent the reuse of ARC, requiring treatment and inspection for this purpose.