Desempenho de híbridos de milho em ensaios de valor de cultivo e uso na região centro-sul do Mato Grosso do Sul

Abstract

Agriculture in Mato Grosso do Sul has been stablished in recent years in cultivation of soybean in the summer season and corn in the winter season, reaching an average yield of corn of 5.040 kg ha-1. Despite the continuous growth, the farmer from Mato Grosso do Sul still faces several challenging conditions to reach high yields, both climatic factors, which include water stress, high temperatures and frosts, as well as sanity of plants, in addition to the migration of germplasm from regions from colder weathers, such as the Southern region of Brazil, therefore different from the weather of the Cerrado region. In this study were evaluated twenty corn hybrids in the Center-South region of Mato Grosso do Sul through Valor de Cultivo e Uso (VCU) trials, in which several characteristics were evaluated, according to the description and standards of the VCU for corn, for later registration in the Registro Nacional de Cultivares (RNC). The hybrids were tested in three locations, in the years of 2020 and 2021. The experimental design used was a randomized block design with three repetitions with plots of four rows of five meters in length, spaced at 0,50 meter. The characteristics evaluated were divided into morphological descriptors, agronomic descriptors and reaction to diseases, as required in the standards for VCU assays. For the selection of the cultivar eligible for registration in the RNC, not only the yield ceiling was considered, but also good yield stability, satisfactory reaction to diseases, especially the corn stunt complex, precocity, and plant size. Thus, the pre-commercial triple hybrid HTEX2 was chosen for registration. In the evaluated trials, this hybrid exhibits good production stability, good tolerance to the main diseases, mainly to the corn stunt complex, desirable agronomic characteristics, corresponding to low plant height and early cycle, advantageous morphological characteristics, such as flint corn, middle angle between the leaf blade and stem and straight behavior of the leaf blade above the upper ear, in addition to a good yield ceiling, reaching productivity of 7,636 kg ha-1 in the year of 2020.