Análise de eficiência econômica da cafeicultura brasileira entre 2011 e 2022

Abstract

Brazil is the world's largest producer of coffee, and the activity has great economic relevance in national development, contributing on a large scale to the generation of jobs and income. The national coffee culture is characterized by different areas of cultivation and different types of production, so the identification of the most efficient processes and the determining factors of inefficiency can make the activity more economically and environmentally sustainable. In this sense, this work aims to evaluate the economic efficiency of coffee cultivation in the main producing regions of Brazil and its determinants, presenting the efficiency curves and identifying the most efficient chronological periods. It is also sought to find the most efficient regions in coffee production in the face of the use of different technological packages, such as degree of mechanization and cultivation system. The methodological approach used is data envelopment analysis (DEA), and the sample has data collected in a panel of modal properties between 2011 and 2022, forming 103 decision-making units (DMUs). The results were obtained through two models, the first of which was performed with chronological comparison by municipality separately. In the second model, the results were obtained by comparing all modes and all years. They were presented through graphs of efficiency curves and tables with the targets and efficiencies achieved. It was concluded that, among the observed modes, 2013 was the most inefficient year and 2020, the most efficient. Regarding the types of production, it was observed that, by the data collected, in terms of percentage, the productive units with manual production were more efficient when the quantities of efficient DMUs were analyzed, and, individually, the region of Luís Eduardo Magalhães was more efficient. The study also contributes by proposing future studies with the method for technical evaluation in the allocation of inputs and for replication in other crops of the fruit segment.