Sistema de condução, poda em verde e zoneamento agroclimático para cultivo de pessegueiro em Moçambique

Abstract

The peach tree (Prunus persica L. Bastsch) is a fruit tree belonging to the Rosaceae family of Asian origin. However, cultivation is currently carried out in subtropical regions, a fact that has expanded, mainly in Brazil. In different countries, peach trees grow in different crown shapes. The main conduction systems are cup and "Y", in central leader, as well as their variations that originate systems with specific characteristics, advantages and disadvantages. As in the peach-producing regions of Brazil, even in the subtropics, the summer is hot and sunny and there is a lot of scalding on the branches due to direct solar radiation, reducing the longevity of the plant. This is the case of this work, with the objective of quantifying the productive performance of peach trees in the subtropical region, in two training systems submitted to different managements of green pruning, to verify the possibility of pruning at an angle of flexion and also identify the zoning of suitable areas and provide bases for the establishment and expansion of cultivation in Mozambique. The peach trees were arranged in two different spacings, depending on the training system used: 1.5 m between plants x 5 m between rows (Y-shaped driving) and 4 m x 5 m (cup driving). In the renewal pruning treatment, only the branches that produced were removed. In the treatment that received branch bending, the branches that produced were manually twisted (bending angle pruning) to the point of reaching an angle of 110º. In the treatment without pruning in green, the branches were not removed. In the second work, meteorological data from 108 stations and the geotechnological tool ArcGIS 10.1 were used to spatialize the temperature, precipitation and humidity data and, later, reclassify them for the generation of maps using the Geostatistical Analyst extension. At the same time, maps of average annual temperatures and climate classification were used. With regard to agroclimatic zoning, it was concluded that in the subtropical areas of Mozambique there are regions with adequate temperature and precipitation for peach cultivation. The results showed that the Northwest, Center and South regions are more suitable for the economic exploitation of peach trees. The Y-conduction system promotes an increase in productivity, due to the increase in plant density. Although green flexion pruning provides the same peach production compared to non-adoption of green pruning, the percentage of defoliation in summer is lower.