Desempenho produtivo de híbridos de canola e contribuição de coberturas de inverno na produtividade da soja em sucessão

Abstract

Research has been carried out in Brazil aiming to search for alternative raw materials for the production of biofuels, and thus reduce dependence on soybean and corn crops. The availability of land and favorable conditions to meet growing demand tends to be increasingly scarce. Due to the quality of canola and its derivatives, as well as the growing demand for better quality oil for human consumption or as biofuel, its liquidity and prices comparable to soybeans, makes canola cultivation a new option for farmers. grain producers in Brazil. Canola cultivation in Brazil is also an opportunity, on a much larger scale than any other winter crop in regions subject to frost in southern Brazil. It also constitutes an opportunity for crop rotation to reduce phytosanitary problems in the production of safrinha corn (a crop that currently generates the highest returns) in areas with low risk of losses caused by intense cold. Therefore, the objective of the work was to evaluate the productive performance of canola hybrids, as well as the sowing density; and the contribution of winter plants to soybean productivity in succession. Two experiments were carried out. The first was conducted in two locations (Monsenhor Paulo and Luminárias) in the south of Minas Gerais and Campo das Vertentes with different canola hybrids: ALHT B4, Diamond, Hyola 433, Hyola 571 CL, Hyola 575 CL and Nuola 300. Numbers were evaluated. of branches and siliques per plant, number of grains per silique, plant height, insertion height of the 1st silique, final stand, oil content, grain and oil productivity. In the second experiment, the performance of soybean varieties planted in two distinct regions in succession to canola, white oats and fallow areas was evaluated. The Diamond and ALTH B4 hybrids obtained better results in grain and oil productivity in Monsenhor Paulo-MG. While in Luminárias, better grain and oil productivity occurred in the hybrid Hyola 575 CL. The sowing density, where it was sown with 3 to 6 kg ha-1 per broadcast, proved to be better in both grain productivity and oil productivity. In the experiment in Luminárias, no significant difference was observed in relation to grain productivity, stand and height of soybean plants. In Monsenhor Paulo, there was no significant difference between treatments in all variables analyzed, except for plant height, which was greater when the predecessor crop was oats. Soybean grain productivity and stand were not influenced by predecessor crops (canola and white oats) or fallow in the regions of Luminárias and Monsenhor Paulo. Greater increases in the number of soybean pods were observed in the Luminárias region in areas previously cultivated with white oats.