Problematização nas pesquisas agropecuárias e pequena produção

Abstract

The interest on this study emerged from the perception of an opposition between the speech and the pratice when referring to research. At one side are the institutions that realize agricultural and cattle raising researches saying to be worried with the small production and at the other are the extensivists and producers: "the researches don-t solve the problems of the producers, specially of the small ones" that also find themselves "incapable of adopting efficient technologies due to the scarcity of resources". In face of this conflict emerged the question that guided the following study: what is the origin of the problems presented on the agricultural and cattle raising researches developed at the área of Lavras/MG? This research was realized at the municipal district of Lavras, during the year of 1993, and elect as it-s target population the researchers from the ESAL and local EPAMIG that, by that time, had larger number of papers published and researches in process. The methodological perspective adopted in this study was the qualitative approach, for it is considerate the most indicated to study the problem of agricultural and cattle raising researches, as pictured by the own interviewed persons. The theoric orientation was based on the modernization process of the brazilian agriculture and on technological generation, regarding the problems on research, both themes directed to the question of small production. Through the interviews realized with researches from the two involved institutions, it was verified that the factors that, according to them, lead to problems on agricultural and cattle raising researches, in decreasing order of importance are: private interest, producer's need, revision of Literature, disposability of finantial resources, problems derived from seminars and problems brought forward by the students. Regarding the users of the researches results, the researchers believe to be the own rural producers, and mainly the scientific community. When questioned if there would be differentiation in the possibilities of use of the result to small, médium and large producers, they answered that their researches may benefity the three leveis of producers, as long as an adaption of the results is made, displaying so their ignorance of the limitations and peculiarities of small production. Although the researchers affirm that the disposability of finantial resources is not an important factor on the problems of research, what was evidence during the course of the research is that it does influence excessively on the problems. The financing of the researches is given by development agencies, through recourses derived from the State, and these obey a list of priorities stipulated by the State itself. The projects of research are only given approval and posterior financing if they are framed in the list of priorities of the development agencies. This way, it was observed that the researchers, prior to anything, schematize their papers in a way they fit the agencies's priorities, and by doing it, they loose the autonomy on what to research, passing on to the State the control of science, through the development agencies. Being so, the origin of problems presented on agricultural and cattle raising researches developed in the Lavras área obey the priorities of the financing agencies and, although in their speeches the research institutions show themselves worried with the small production question, through this study it was observed that the researchers are not involved with the problematic of the small production, even because the most sophisticated researches, that need to import technics or material, are the most stimulated by the agencies, as well as those related to exportation products, are also incompatible with the reality of the peasants.