Levantamento florístico da fazenda Bela Vista-Ityrapuan com ênfase nas espécies consideradas medicinais

Abstract

The Cerrado is home to an exuberant flora, little studied from a medicinal point of view. To expand this knowledge, it is necessary to have botanical knowledge of the species of the domain, which is of fundamental importance for a better understanding of the potentialities of species considered medicinal. Medicinal plants have been used since antiquity, knowledge obtained through the observation of nature, and was transmitted in an empirical way the successor generations. Today it is remarkable the importance of knowing and recording these knowledges that are losing themselves over time. Thus, the present work aimed to carry out a floristic survey to identify plant species with interest in those considered medicinal. The area of the present study is a private property in the rural area of Lavras, MG-Brazil. The survey was carried out between October 2015 and November 2016. According to the reproductive cycle, the specimens were collected and herborized according to the usual techniques in botany. Taxonomic identification was carried out by sending taxonomists, as well as by comparative studies to the literature and by comparisons with exsicates of the Herbarium of the Federal University of Lavras (ESAL). The species were deposited in the ESAL herbarium and in the PAMG Herbarium of the Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais - EPAMIG, Belo Horizonte / MG. The results showed the occurrence of 156 species belonging to 47 botanical families. The most important family in species was Asteraceae (21.79%), the same occurred in other studies in the Cerrado domain. As for habit, herbaceous plants (67.95%), followed by shrubs (19.87%), arboreal (9.62%) and lianas (2.56%). In the present study the species belonging to the families Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Melastomataceae, Lamiaceae, Orchidaceae and Malpighiaceae were predominant. The high index of herbaceous species found in the study is a consequence of the large number of species belonging to these families. Of the 156 individuals found, 60,89% are considered medicinal, the families Asteraceae, Lamiaceae and Fabaceae continue to be the most representative, showing the importance of these families as medicinal species. It is concluded that Fazenda Bela Vista presents a great diversity of species considered medicinal.