Wetland construído como alternativa para o tratamento terciário em municípios sem sistema de coleta de esgoto: uma revisão bibliográfica

Abstract

In regions far from urban centers, it is still common to find places without a sanitary sewage system, requiring the use of decentralized treatment systems, such as the case of septic tanks. Despite being an adequate alternative, the wrong sizing and/or lack of maintenance, as well as the inadequate use of septic tanks, compromise the efficiency of the treatment process, potentially causing contamination of the soil and surrounding water resources. For this reason, this study aimed to present technical constructive aspects for the implementation of a constructed wetlands system, offering subsidies, based on technical literature, for the implementation of these systems as a complementary alternative for the tertiary treatment of septic tanks .The results showed that wetlands built both vertically and horizontally have the potential to complement the tertiary treatment of domestic effluents from decentralized systems, with reductions in COD, SS and N greater than, respectively, 68%, 69% and 20%, enabling the use of different combinations of substrates and vegetation to achieve better results. Thus, it was observed that the constructed wetland systems are a good alternative at the tertiary level, of simple construction, operation and maintenance, to complement the septic tank effluent treatment system.