Efeitos de humor no gênero tirinha: uma análise linguístico-semiótica

Abstract

This work thematizes humor, together with the comic strip genre and seeks to analyze the different linguistic, semiotic, and discursive resources that contribute to the production of the comic. Since comic strips are a genre that carries in its genesis the humorous theme, we chose the following problem: what are the linguistic, semiotic and discursive resources that contribute to the production of humor in the strips of Adão Iturrusgarai? Faced with this questioning, we established as a research objective, to analyze the verbal and imagery resources used in the strips of Adão Iturrusgarai, which contribute to the production of the humor effect, as well as to relate this comic sense to social studies about how the humorous field is seen and studied. Given these aspects, as a starting point for the discussion of this issue, we present some theories that approach humor within philosophical, sociological and psychic aspects, from the studies of authors such as Freud (1905), Eagleton (2020), Magalhães (2008) to understand the social functioning of humor. Subsequently, we conducted a discussion about configurations of the comic strip, a multimodal genre that prioritizes the sign hybridism between the verbal and the imagery. For this, we start from theoretical aspects of authors such as Ramos (2007, 2009, 2013), Possenti (1998; 2003, 2019), Nepomuceno (2005), Cagnin (1975), Vieira and Silvestre (2015). Nascimento, Bezerra and Heberle (2011), Vieira and Ferreira (2017), with the objective of presenting an overview of the characteristics of the comic strip genre, considering verbal and visual issues. The methodology favored an analytical-descriptive research approach, given that we analyzed five comic strips authored by the cartoonist Adão Iturrusgarai, which were published in the online newspaper “Folha de São Paulo”. From the analysis and description of the strips, we were able to observe some aspects: I) The strips are part of the hypergenre of the comics, as well as the cartoons, and the cartoons; II) Despite being part of a hypergenre, the comic strips are texts that have undergone several changes to the format and nomenclature they have today and have specificities that characterize them as unique; III) As it is a short text, each resource, whether verbal or imagery, is endowed with great significant potential; visual resources, such as colors, facial expressions, graphic signs and other artifices; IV) In the analyzes carried out, we noticed that the linguistic resources of a phonological, textual, discursive, denotative, connotative nature contribute to the perception of humor in the strips; V) And finally, we can see that the theory of incongruity, especially with regard to the studies by Veatch (1998), can answer the reason for the sense of humor, in relation to the 5 strips analyzed. Therefore, in addition to verifying the potential of verbal and imagetic semiotic resources, we realize that aspects of the humorous field also contribute to the construction of the comic strip genre.