Universidade e empreendedorismo: fatores determinantes para intenção empreendedora de professores universitários

Abstract

Universities are increasingly adhering to an entrepreneurial perspective, starting with their third mission, together with their traditional teaching and basic research functions. In this perspective, the role of the academic entrepreneur is necessary, especially teachers, considered one of the main actors in academic entrepreneurship and responsible for the transfer of knowledge. Therefore, investigating the entrepreneurial intention, the main predictor for entrepreneurial actions to occur, of university professors is essential, in order to investigate and understand the peculiarities of the relationship between teachers and innovation processes. Thus, this thesis project has as its general objective to propose the “radar of the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of teachers”, a model of critical success factors (CSF), associated with the radar graph, for study, analysis and evaluation of the entrepreneurial intention and that can be applied in different academic contexts. The general objective is divided into three specific objectives, each corresponding to a specific article, namely: (i) carry out a systematic review of the literature associated with the review by experts, with the purpose of investigating the entrepreneurial intention construct of university professors and proposing a model of critical success factors (CSF) with representation in a radar graph; (ii) apply, discuss and validate the “radar of the determinants of entrepreneurial intention of professors”, to assess the entrepreneurial intention of university professors in certain contexts; (iii) to investigate the entrepreneurial intention of professors in Brazilian universities, from the application of the “radar of the determinants of the entrepreneurial intention of professors”. Methodologically, the thesis is characterized as applied, with exploratory-descriptive objectives and a qualitative and quantitative approach, supported by a systematic literature review, review by experts and multi-case studies. As a result, a radar model was proposed and validated, consisting of 4 dimensions with 3 critical success factors each - totaling 12 CSF, the dimensions and their respective CSF being: Competence (creative vision, organizational aptitude and business experience), Personality (confidence in oneself, entrepreneurial attitude and perception of return), Network (personal network, academic network, Professional network) and Support (institutional support, market support and political-economic support). The model associates two perspectives neglected in the literature, but important for the analysis of entrepreneurial intentions, the intrinsic motivations, represented by the Competence and Personality dimensions, and the extrinsic motivations, represented by the Network and Support dimensions. It was concluded that the model developed supports the analysis of entrepreneurial intentions in different university contexts, since it is a model of easy application and analysis. Furthermore, the model makes it possible for researchers, managers and government officials to identify the best and worst CSF of each higher education institution and to develop actions and policies aimed at boosting or improving each CSF and its respective dimensions, since if well managed they will contribute to better results of innovation and entrepreneurship of university professors.