Prevalência de diabetes autorreferido no Brasil e avaliação dos impactos das desigualdades em saúde: estudo com a pesquisa nacional de saúde de 2019

Abstract

Diabetes is one of the largest non-communicable chronic diseases (NCDs). Currently, about 537 million adults in the world have diabetes, and in Brazil the most recent estimates add up to approximately 16 million people with the condition, making it the sixth country in incidence of diabetes in the world and the third with the highest expenditure with therapy, totaling approximately 43 billion dollars in 2021. The objective of the study was to evaluate the association of the socioeconomic characteristics of the Brazilian population with diabetes, according to data from the PNS carried out in 2019. Data from the PNS released in 2019 were used. , based on interviews with adults (≥18 years old) from 94,114 Brazilian households. Prevalences and their confidence intervals (95% CI) were estimated for the variables: gender, age group, color or race, income, workforce and housing situation, using the question: “Has any doctor ever given you the diagnosis of diabetes?”. Diagnosis of diabetes was reported by 7.7% of respondents. The prevalence was higher in women (8.5% vs. 6.9%) and in the elderly (65 to 74 years old). Respondents who declared themselves to be yellow had a higher prevalence (12.8%), along with those with no education (16.2%) and who were out of the workforce (14.2%). People with per capita monthly income of more than 3 to 5 minimum wages had a higher prevalence of diabetes (9.1%), as well as respondents living in urban areas (8.0%). It was noted from the analyzes that the variables wage income and sex were not significant for the model. People with low education, race or yellow skin color and outside the workforce were more likely to predict the diagnosis of diabetes, while the rural population had a protective effect for the analyzed outcome. The general diagnosis of diabetes is complex and involves many factors associated with people's social lives, therefore, based on the results found, the importance of intersectoral actions for the prevention and care of diabetes is confirmed, especially in more vulnerable populations. Attention to pre-existing health inequalities to the diagnosis of diabetes is essential. The results of this study are important for the monitoring and surveillance of diabetes and other chronic conditions, in addition to providing subsidies for planning health actions in Brazil.