Composição química, produção e qualidade do café fertilizado com diferentes fontes e doses de nitrogênio

Abstract

This experiment was conducted to analyze the effect of nitrogen fertilization on coffee yield and quality (Coffea arabica L). The experimental design was a randomized complete-block with the split-plot scheme, in which six sources of nitrogen (N) were used: calcionamida, potassium nitrate, calcium nitrate, ammonium sulphate, urea and ammonium nitrate in the plots combined with four doses of N (0, 80, 160 and 320 kg ha-1) applied in the subplots, with three replications. Yield and qualitative variables such as polyphenoloxidase activity, total titrable acidity, total sugars, total phenolic compounds, chlorogenic acids, caffeine and sensorial analysis were evaluated. There was no response of yield to N sources and doses. Coffee quality reduction was observed when calcium nitrate and ammonium nitrate were used. Regarding the doses used, the N sources presented differentiated effects on the coffee quality; however, it was observed by the analyses of the polyphenoloxidase activity, total titrable acidity, total chlorogenic acids and total phenolic compounds, that higher doses of ammonium sulphate had a negative effect on both chemical composition and quality of the grain.