Identificação de componentes da síndrome metabólica em gestantes e sua relação com o perfil inflamatório da dieta

Abstract

Pregnancy is a period of intense metabolic, physical, psychological, and physiological changes in the maternal organism, to provide fetal development. However, in some cases, metabolic changes inherent to pregnancy may overlap with pre-existing pathological conditions, or those that arise throughout pregnancy, harming maternal and child health. Such comorbidities can be triggered or enhanced by the pregnant woman's lifestyle habits, especially about diet. The study aimed to identify the components of metabolic syndrome and the inflammatory profile of the diet during pregnancy. Pregnant women were recruited during prenatal consultations and sociodemographic, anthropometric, and clinical-laboratory data were collected. Food consumption was assessed by the Semiquantitative Food Frequency Questionnaire (QSFA), and the Empirical Food Inflammation Pattern (EPID-SP) was used to evaluate the inflammatory profile of the diet. For statistical analysis, Microsoft Excel and SPSS software were used. Categorical variables were expressed as frequencies and percentages and continuous variables were described with mean and standard deviation. Non-parametric tests were used: the Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare the instrument means between the different BMI groups. Differences in which the probability (p) was less than 5% (p<0.05) were considered statistically significant. There was no difference in the consumption of rice and beans among pregnant women with low weight BMI, they had a lower rating of this anti-inflammatory component than pregnant women with adequate weight and overweight. Pregnant women with adequate weight had a more anti-inflammatory diet than the other groups. There was no difference in the inflammatory pattern of the diet in other metabolic changes such as hyperglycemia and arterial hypertension. The results demonstrate an important function of a diet rich in rice and beans, components with anti-inflammatory action in the body due to the amount of fiber, as a protective factor against excess adiposity. The present study helped to understand the inflammatory potential of pregnant women by strengthening the importance of a balanced diet during pregnancy, which highlights nutritional guidance as a crucial instrument for changing eating habits during this period, to prevent negative developments such as excess adiposity.