“E eu tenho medo de pobre!!”: a manifestação discursiva do sujeito racista-aporofóbico

Abstract

This research analyzes the constitution of the racist-aporophobic subject, as well as the effects of meanings produced by the discursive articulation that manifests such a subject. The work falls within the epistemological scope of Discourse Analysis (DA) and studies by the Reading and Discourse Production Research Group (GPLPD-UFLA). From studies on aversion to poor people, it was noted that aporophobia and racism are related in Brazil. Considering that a large part of the black Brazilian population is affected by impoverishment. Therefore, in this scientific investigation, socio-historical, ideological and discursive factors regarding poverty, racism and the pact of whiteness stood out. For the development of the research, Cortina' (2020) thought was sought for the concept of aversion to poor people, aporophobia. We also used the scholars who structured AD, such as Pêcheux (2014), Orlandi (2008; 2020), Courtine (2014) andother researchers. Furthermore, we esorted to knowledge developed by History, Sociology and Social Psychology to know what poverty is, how it forms in Brazil, mainly through its relationship with the processes of colonization and enslavement, and how structural racism and the pact of whiteness impact the construction of the place of white-enriched and the place of black-impoverished. The material that makes up the corpus consists of two speeches that were cut from two recordings, which became news. The first discursive excerpt was taken from the video published on December 27, 2023, which shows a white woman, in a shopping center in Ipatinga-MG, verbally attacking a black woman, who was working in a general services role. The second speech, reported on July 12, 2014, features scenes of another white woman, also in a shopping center in Rio de Janeiro, saying hateful words to another black woman. Thus, based on the principles and procedures of AD, the categories of production conditions, imaginaries and subject were chosen to achieve the proposed objective. In the analysis, it was possible to recover through the corpus the socio-historical and ideological factors present in the imaginary, in the PC and in the subject. Such discursive elements evoke, for example, components of the urbanization and modernization process in São Paulo, as well as the institution of the Concentration Camps in Ceará. Therefore, it was found that the analyzed corpus is permeated with racist and aporophobic factors. In the end, it was understood that the racist-aporophobic subject, to maintain his position of elitist command, mischaracterizes the humanity of the impoverished black person by imposing socio-historical and discursive traits that dehumanize him.