Identificação de cultivares e certificação da pureza genética de gladíolo por meio de marcadores morfológicos

Abstract

The characterization of flower cultivars is fundamental in the registration and protection processes and also in the genetic purity certification. In this work, both the characterization and the genetic purity certification of cultivars of Gladiolus sp by means of morphologic markers were made. Eleven cultivars of Gladiolus sp. were used and for the characterization of the cultivars, the plots were made up of 25 plants, evaluating the characteristics of corms, leaves and flowers. The used experimental design was the one of randomized blocks with four replicates. For the genetic purity certification, plots with 24 plants and corms containing varietal contaminations in different proportions were established. Three cultivars were used to make up the treatments, and the evaluations were conducted by three evaluators who were unaware of the existent percentage of varietal contamination. The percentage of mistakes was calculated based upon the obtained results of the evaluations. The standard deviation of the means of the results in the four replicates obtained by the three evaluators was calculated. In order to verify the significance of the deviations among the obtained results by the evaluators, Chi-square test was used. By means of corm characteristics, it is possible to distinguish four cultivars out of the eleven evaluated. The characteristic of flower color is the safest morphological descriptor for distinguishing gladiolus cultivars. Depending on the characteristics of the contaminant cultivars and on the ones under analyses, it is possible to use morphological descriptors for the genetic purity certification in gladiolus cultivars.