Proposta de gerenciamento de resíduos de construção e demolição em obras de manutenção e adequação

Abstract

In recent years, waste generation has been widely discussed, primarily due to its environmental implications. Among these, construction and demolition waste (C&D) represents a significant concern, driven by the expansion of the construction industry. In this context, improving the management of such waste becomes essential to minimize its environmental impacts. The objective of this study is to propose improvements for the management of C&D waste in building maintenance, adaptations, and demolitions works carried out by the Federal University of Lavras (UFLA). Seven building maintenance and adaptation works were analyzed, considering the existing conditions, the services performed, and the stages of waste management, resulting in the following: 1- Characterization: Varies according to the work, with material reuse in all interventions and a predominance of Class A waste. 2- Sorting: Class separation occurred effectively only in Monitoring 6. 3- Packaging: Done in 4 m3 dumpster, black plastic bags, reused paint cans, and urban solid waste collectors. 4- Transportation: Carried out with wheelbarrows, reused paint cans, and plastic bags. The dumpsters were transported by dump truck to the UFLA transfer area. 5- Disposal: The waste stored in dumpsters was sent to the campus trasnfer area and then to the construction waste landfill in Lavras. Additionally, an environmental perception questionnaire was applied to 26 members of a maintenance team. The results indicated that 65.4% had limited knowledge about waste management, and 11.5% were unaware of the topic. Moreover, 61.5% had never received training on waste segregation, and although 88.5% reported some control to avoid waste, it occurs informally. Most respondents recognized the importance of material reduction, and 96.2% showed interest in training. Among the main suggestions from the workers, there were calls for more storage devices, the designation of a person responsible for segregation, and the provision of training. The final stage of the research involved the development of a practical and informative booklet to improve C&D waste management, addressing the identified gaps. Therefore, the research highlighted weaknesses such as the lack of systematic records, inefficient waste segregation, and the need for adequate infrastructure and worker training. The implementation of the proposed model will contribute to reducing environmental impacts and adopting more sustainable waste management practices within the institution.