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Modelos de regressão para dados de áreas com valores extremos no estudo da incidência de dengue em Minas Gerais
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-09-30) Scalon, João Domingos; Silva, Douglas Mateus da; Lima, Renato Ribeiro de; Manzato, Lourenço; Oliveira, Deive Círio de
Dengue fever has become a growing threat in recent years, with frequent outbreaks and overwhelming healthcare systems. The spread of the virus, transmitted by Aedes aegypti, is strongly related to environmental and urban factors, making the use of statistical methods essential to understand its dissemination and implement more effective actions to combat it. Traditional linear regression models, although widely used, assume the independence of observations and do not consider spatial autocorrelation, which, when present, can compromise the accuracy of estimates in geographically interdependent areas. To overcome this limitation, spatial models such as Simultaneous Autoregressive Regression (SAR) and Conditional Autoregressive Regression (CAR) have emerged as solutions. These models are able to capture spatial patterns that are normally present in area data. However, these models are sensitive to outliers, which generally impair the quality of the analyses. Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR), which incorporates spatial variation through local estimation of coefficients, has been proposed as an alternative but can also be influenced by outliers. Robust Geographically Weighted Regression (RGWR) has been proposed as an improved solution that can provide greater robustness against outliers and, consequently, lead to more effective estimates. This study applies RGWR to investigate the incidence of dengue fever in the state of Minas Gerais, in the year of 2023, aiming to improve the accuracy of estimates in the face of outliers, which are very common in this type of data. The variables used in the study were: dengue fever incidence as the dependent variable and adequate sanitation, urbanized area, street urbanization, and street tree planting as independent variables. The results showed that RGWR can provide a more accurate approach to understanding the spatial distribution of dengue in data from areas with outliers which can contribute to more efficient and effective management of public health actions.
Para além dos fantasmas: o rapto de Paulo e os limites do conhecimento humano na Suma Teológica de Tomás de Aquino
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-10-27) Botelho, Lincoln Antônio Corrêa; Lima, Arthur Klik de; Oliveira, Carlos Eduardo de; Souza, Meline Costa
Thomas Aquinas maintains that it is impossible for the human intellect, in the state of the present life, to understand actually without turning to phantasms. This thesis, which marks the necessity of the convertio ad phantasmata in intellectual operations in via, is stated and defended in the Prima Pars of the Summa Theologiae and has important consequences for the limitations of human knowledge in Aquinas’s philosophy. Indeed, if every act of understanding takes place by reference to phantasms derived from sensible experience, then even our knowledge of what is purely intelligible or spiritual can occur only in the same way. With respect to immaterial and purely intelligible realities, we can attain only a kind of knowledge that has its roots in material and sensible things and that always refers back to them through the convertio ad phantasmata. It follows, therefore, that such knowledge will always be imperfect, mediated, and relatively inadequate when compared to what these invisible realities truly are in themselves. The thesis of the necessity of the convertio, therefore, establishes limits to our knowledge of purely spiritual realities, and these limits are repeatedly affirmed by Aquinas throughout his entire work. Despite this, Paul was able to state in his Letter to the Corinthians that he had seen the “third heaven,” which the tradition understands—and Aquinas likewise in the Secunda Secundae—as meaning that the Apostle had an essential vision of God. Like Moses, Paul was raptured to the vision of the divine essence, which, however, cannot occur through any mediation whatsoever, phantasms included. The aim of the present study is to understand how Aquinas explains Paul’s rapture, that is, a direct vision of the essence of God, in light of the necessity that the intellect has, in the state of the present life, to understand by turning to phantasms. To this end, (i) we present the thesis of the necessity of the convertio, deepening its foundations and consequences; (ii) we present the principal articles of the question concerning spiritual rapture; and (iii) finally, we seek to relate them.
Sensoriamento próximo para caracterização de perfis de solos do Cerrado e Amazônia
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-09-30) Albuquerque, Carlos Victor Lima de; Albuquerque, Carlos Victor Lima de; Silva, Bruno Montoani; Tassinari, Diego; Serafim, Milson Evaldo
Tropical soils, especially Brazilian ones, are characterized by being deep. Due to high temperatures and humidity, they are also highly weathered, resulting in low fertility and high concentration of iron and aluminum oxides. The use of proximal sensors, such as portable X-ray fluorescence (pXRF) equipment, which determines the elemental composition of the analyzed material, has aided in this detailed, quantitative, and spatially explicit characterization of soil profiles through digital morphometrics. The first study area is represented by an area under different land uses (Annual Cultivation and Native Forest) with the same soil class, the Oxisols, in the Amazon biome. The second is a Catena, with the landscape located in the Cerrado biome, featuring distinct soil classes (Entisols - Psamments, Inceptisols, Oxisols and Entisols - Fluvents). The objective for the first area was to evaluate and characterize the attributes of four Amazonian Oxisol profiles: two in cultivated areas and two under native vegetation adjacent to the cultivated profiles. The study included textural variations within each land use (one pair of more clayey soil profiles and another pair more sandy). The second study aimed to evaluate and characterize soil profiles with digital morphometrics in a catena in the Cerrado with different soil classes. Digital morphometry revealed explicit variability in textural fractions (clay predominant at depth, sand at the surface) and in the distribution of chemical elements, even in supposedly homogeneous horizons and with distinct soil classes. The sensors and equipment used brought robustnessto the obtained results, aiding in the characterization of these profiles under conditions that have been little explored in previous studies on tropical soils.
Moléculas sinalizadoras na indução a tolerância aos estresses abióticos durante a germinação e desenvolvimento de plântulas de tomate tipo grape
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-09-12) Lima, Marília Botelho Barbosa; Santos, Heloísa Oliveira dos; Azevedo, Sebastião Márcio de; Pires, Raquel Maria de Oliveira; Carvalho, Rejane Rodrigues da Costa e
Physiological conditioning is one of the most sustainable and low-cost techniques used to obtain vigorous seedlings and induce tolerance to adverse situations. Given this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of physiological conditioning on Solanum lycopersicum grape seeds subjected to different abiotic stresses. A completely randomized design with four replicates was used in a 5x4 factorial scheme, with 4 conditioning factors + 1 control and 4 stress conditions for germination. The seeds were subjected to conditioning for 24 hours in solutions of chitosan, hydrogen peroxide, and sodium nitroprusside, in addition to hydroconditioning and control. The germination process occurred in a saline medium, simulated by NaCl solution, dry, induced by polyethylene glycol (PEG), thermal, with alternating temperatures of 20-30oC, and distilled water simulating normal germination conditions. Thus, germination and seed vigor were determined through first germination count, IVG, T50, and image analysis tests. As a result of physiological conditioning, the use of the H2O2 molecule was beneficial in minimizing the effects of salinity and high temperatures. Thus, the use of signaling molecules via physiological conditioning is one of the promising alternatives in the face of environmental adversities.
Frangos alimentados com dietas contendo gordura de larvas de inseto em substituição ao óleo de soja
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-09-26) Almeida, Yan Andrade; Naves, Luciana de Paula; Orientador; Fonseca, Leonardo da Silva; Leão, Ana Patrícia Alves; dc.contributor.referee1; dc.contributor.referee2; dc.contributor.referee3; dc.contributor.referee4; dc.contributor.referee5
In poultry farming, the main source of lipids used in bird nutrition is soybean oil; however, alternative sources are important to increase the range of possibilities for the sector. In this context, black soldier fly larvae fat (BSLF) has become a possibility, as it presents an approximate yield of 40%, being rich in medium-chain fatty acids, such as lauric acid, which exhibits nutritional properties, in addition to antimicrobial functions and modulation of intestinal health. This research aimed to determine the effects of the increasing substitution of soybean oil (SO) by BSLF on parameters of lipid metabolism and the immune system, correlating them with the performance of broiler chickens. Five hundred broiler chickens were used, distributed in a completely randomized design, and five levels of soybean oil substitution by BSLF (0, 25, 50, 75 and 100%) in mash rations were evaluated. Each diet was evaluated in ten replicates with 10 birds each. Water and experimental feed were provided ad libitum from 22 to 38 days of age. The parameters analyzed were zootechnical performance, determined from 22 to 38 days of age, corresponding to feed consumption, weight gain, and feed conversion ratio of the chickens. On the 38th day of age, one chicken from each experimental unit was slaughtered to evaluate carcass and cut yield and to collect samples of pancreas, liver, and pectoralis major muscle, in which pancreatic lipase activity and the concentrations of hepatic fatty acid synthase and muscle carnitine were determined, respectively. In addition, during bleeding, blood aliquots were collected for subsequent quantification of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) levels. There was no difference (P > 0.05) in the zootechnical performance of the chickens. However, 100% replacement of OS with GBSF resulted in higher (P < 0.05) breast yield. There was no change (P > 0.05) in pancreatic lipase activity, hepatic fatty acid synthase concentration, or serum concentrations of IL-10 and TNF- α (P > 0.05). However, increasing the rate of replacement of OS with GBSF resulted in a linear reduction in carnitine concentration in the chicken breast. It is concluded that increasing replacement of OS with GBSF does not induce modulation of pancreatic lipase and hepatic fatty acid synthase enzymes and does not alter the immune system of chickens. Total replacement of GBSF does not impair zootechnical performance, increases breast yield, and reduces carnitine concentration in the breast.