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Análise de genes PGs e PGIPs associados às interações planta-patógeno
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-04-09) Carli, Maria Clara; Pereira, Welison Andrade; Souza, Elaine Aparecida; Paiva, Luciano Vilela; Moreira, Rafael Oliveira; Pinto, Renan Terassi
Polygalacturonases (PGs) are enzymes secreted by phytopathogenic fungi that degrade the plant cell wall, facilitating tissue colonization and the progression of infection. In response, plants produce polygalacturonase-inhibiting proteins (PGIPs), which inhibit PG activity, hindering invasion and increasing resistance against pathogens. In order to gain a deeper understanding of the complex interaction between PGIPs and PGs, as well as plant defense mechanisms, the present study was conducted in three stages. Initially, 39 PGIPs from 30 plant species were characterized with respect to phylogeny, protein properties, subcellular localization, conserved domains and motifs, gene structure, and cis-elements. The results revealed the distribution of PGIPs according to species taxonomy, their predominance in the extracellular environment, the presence of three conserved domains, the absence or presence of few introns, and the abundance of the TATA-box and CAAT-box cis-elements. These findings contribute to understanding the role of PGIPs in plant defense. The second stage involved evaluating the effectiveness of the bean genes PvuPGIP1 and PvuPGIP2 in inhibiting Sclerotinia sclerotiorum in tobacco through Agrobacterium-mediated transient genetic transformation. The results demonstrated a significant defensive effect of these genes during the first three days after inoculation, reinforcing the potential of PGIPs in controlling phytopathogens. Finally, 115 fungal PGs from the GH28 family were characterized. The proteins were classified into five phylogenetic groups, and their protein properties, subcellular localization, and conserved motifs were analyzed. The results revealed the presence of four main conserved motifs and contributed to understanding the interaction between PGs and PGIPs, providing a foundation for future research related to plant disease control.
Feminismo territorial em contextos rurais: uma revisão sistemática de literatura
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-05-15) Silva, Cássia Mara Alexandrin; Kalsing, Vera Simone Schaefer; Alves, Jacqueline Magalhaes; Grando, Raquel Lopes Sinigaglia Caribé; Assis, Thiago Rodrigo de Paula
This study analyzes territorial feminism in the rural context, addressing its contributions to the autonomy of women in rural areas. The research is based on a systematic review of the literature, identifying and discussing the main theoretical approaches on the topic. Data collection was carried out through a systematic search in three recognized academic databases: CAPES Theses & Dissertations Catalog, Google Scholar and SciELO (Scientific Electronic Library Online), a database that brings together indexed and peer-reviewed scientific journals, representing a reliable source for academic research. The research was conducted from 2014 to the present, with the aim of analyzing recent publications that directly address the concepts of rural feminism and territorial feminism. The selected articles, theses and dissertations highlight the intersections between gender, territory and development, highlighting the role of women in family farming, social movements and public policies aimed at rural areas. The results indicate that, despite the advances promoted by public policies and feminist organizations, rural women still face significant challenges, such as lack of access to land, agricultural credit and political participation. Women's work in the countryside continues to be undervalued, often treated as mere "help" for men, which reinforces the invisibility of women in the rural economy. The analysis also reveals the importance of social movements and political education in transforming women's living conditions in the countryside. Initiatives such as the Marcha das Margaridas and the Escola de Educadoras Feministas demonstrate that collective organization is a powerful instrument for strengthening women's autonomy and expanding their participation in decision-making spaces. Furthermore, the analyzed works highlight the relationship between feminism and agroecology as an alternative to the traditional agricultural model, promoting sustainable practices and ensuring food security for rural communities. The adoption of strategies for women's resistance and autonomy reinforces the need for more effective public policies to ensure gender equity in rural areas.
Estudo da longevidade de sementes florestais
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-02-17) Negreiros, Mayara Leal de; José, Anderson Cleiton; Faria, José Marcio Rocha; Faria, José Marcio Rocha; Amaral da Silva, Edvaldo Aparecido
Several factors influence the longevity of forest seeds; therefore, evaluating seed behavior during storage is essential, as is using longevity prediction techniques for better management of germplasm banks. Additionally, it is important to obtain information on the relationships between morphological and genetic characteristics in species survival, as well as physiological and biochemical changes related to seed degradation, to better understand defense mechanisms and adopt possible strategies for the conservation of plant genetic resources. This study was divided into two parts, with the aim of classifying the seed longevity of forest species, relating it to morphophysiological characteristics, and investigating physiological and biochemical changes during natural and artificial aging in Handroanthus serratifolius seeds. In Article 1, for longevity classification, the seeds were subjected to accelerated aging (saturated sodium chloride (NaCl) solution, 75% RH, and a temperature of 35 °C) and evaluated through a germination test to obtain p50 estimates via Probit analysis. Additionally, the lipid content (L), seed coat thickness (ET), presence of endosperm (END), and ratio between the seed coat and internal seed tissues (TT) were quantified/determined. For Article 2, H. serratifolius seeds stored in a cold chamber (8,0 °C; 40% UR) and freshly harvested seeds artificially aged via the accelerated aging test (35 °C and 75% RH) were used. The vigor, viability, and biochemical changes were subsequently determined. All the experiments were conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD), and the data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), polynomial regression, Pearson correlation, and principal component analysis (PCA). The p50 varied widely among the evaluated species and was influenced by factors such as seed coat thickness and lipid content. Seeds from the Fabaceae family presented greater longevity and a thicker seed coat, whereas seeds from the Bignoniaceae family presented greater lipid content and lower longevity. In H. serratifolius, seeds maintained high viability for up to five years in dry and cold storage, with a significant reduction in vigor and germination after 15 days of accelerated aging. The accumulation of H₂O₂ and MDA was negatively correlated with the vigor and viability indices, whereas antioxidant enzymatic activity did not significantly influence the loss of seed viability. The accelerated aging test is a useful tool for classifying the longevity of forest species seeds, and morphophysiological characteristics influence the longevity of the studied seeds. H. serratifolius seeds presented significant physiological and biochemical changes during both natural and artificial storage.
Interação genótipos por ambientes na prospecção de genitores para fins de melhoramento de feijão-comum de grãos especiais
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-06-17) Dique, José Eulário Lampi; Quintão Carneiro, Vinícius; Souza, Elaine Aparecida de; Souza, Lucimara Cruz de; Carneiro, José Eustáquio de Souza; Marçal, Tiago de Souza; Melo, Christiane Augusta Diniz
Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.) is an essential food in the diet of the Brazilian population and holds great socioeconomic importance. Andean-origin beans, known as “specialty beans,” are scarcely produced in Brazil, yet they have high international demand. This market niche has been underexplored, and one of the main reasons is the limited availability of cultivars with this specific grain pattern. Thus, bean breeding programs in the country play a key role in developing new cultivars with traits aimed at meeting this market demand.However, a trait of utmost importance for specialty beans is grain quality, as the commercial acceptance of these beans is strongly associated with attributes such as size, shape, and color. To achieve the goal of recommending new cultivars with these phenotypes, breeding programs must be assertive in guiding crosses. For that, they must be based on precise and accurate information obtained through field evaluations, as well as laboratory characterizations of grain-associated traits. In this context, new methodologies have been developed, with emphasis on the use of computational tools based on digital image analysis, which have shown efficiency, speed, and great potential for application in genetic improvement programs. Aiming to support breeding programs for specialty beans, particularly in the stage of parent selection, two main studies were conducted in this work. The first consisted of the phenotypic characterization of specialty bean lines regarding grain size, shape, and color. The results allowed the identification of potential parents with desirable phenotypes aligned with commercial market standards. The second study aimed to present a multi-trait and multi-environment strategy for the selection of parents and the planning of crosses in bean breeding. This methodological approach enabled the identification of lines with superior productive performance across different growing seasons. In addition to grain yield, lines with high commercial grain quality and upright plant architecture were also highlighted.
Estudo de caso em uma indústria de sorvete: gestão de qualidade, rotulagem e desenvolvimento de um novo produto
(Universidade Federal de Lavras, 2025-06-24) Rezende, Maria Tereza Palhares; Dias, Marali Vilela; Rocha, Roney Alves da; Carneiro, João de Deus Souza; Bell, Maria José Valenzuela
This study provides a comprehensive overview of the ice cream industry from both production and regulatory perspectives. Initially, the statistical analysis of ice cream production and consumption in Brazil and worldwide is presented, highlighting the socioeconomic relevance of this sector. The industrial manufacturing process is thoroughly described through a detailed flowchart that illustrates the main stages involved, offering valuable insights for professionals and researchers in the food production field. The study further examines the regulatory framework that ensures product safety and quality, including standards from ABNT, ISO, and ANVISA, addressing consumer protection, hygiene practices, facility requirements, and social responsibility within the industry. Additionally, a physicochemical characterization of ice cream is conducted, evaluating parameters such as proximate composition, rheological and sensory properties, pH and color. Quality management is emphasized as a fundamental tool to ensure high standards throughout the production chain. The final section proposes the development of an innovative high-protein ice cream, aligned with current market trends focused on health and functional foods. Microcrystalline cellulose is employed as an emulsion stabilizer to improve product stability and texture. This development incorporates technical, sensory, and regulatory considerations, contributing to the sustainable and technological advancement of the ice cream industry.