eliana
New Stamp

eliana
New Stamp

eliana
New Stamp

eliana
New Stamp







































































































































Tabela 17. Mudanças nopeso seco de material de parede celular do mamão cv.
Improved Sunrise Solo Line 72/12, imerso por 20 min. em solução
de Prochloraz a 48°C, com e sem adição de CaCl2 (2%),
armazenados a 10 ±2°C e a 85 ±5% de UR, com e sem embalagem
em filme de PVC (15um).

TRATAMENTOS

Armazenamento Controle Ca** PVC Ca"1"^

(dias) PVC

MATERIAL DE PAREDE CELULAR Gigjng'1 de peso fresco)

0 20,59 20,59 20,59 20,59
5 20,60 23,68 21,70 26,80
10 22,72 24,61 23,60 21,30
15 24,94 29,24 25,73 27,58
20 25,12 28,66 26,18 28,62
25 27,51 32,79 25,57 28,51
30 33,71 29,76 35,55 26,37
35 30,42 29,40 28,94 27,25

FRAÇÃO HEMICELULOSE íue.ms' de MPC")
0 52,45 52,45 52,45 52,45
5 57,80 45,80 32,90 68,50
10 53,85 27,31 50,80 59,35
15 43,15 81,10 47,00 67,55
20 34,70 11,70 15,00 51,82
25 12,90 49,00 30,65 23,05
30 30,95 31,95 34,05 51,82

*»«. M-m

35 39,25 49,15 36,65 40,00
*MPC= Material de parede celular

Para a fiação hemicelulose do material de parede celular (Tabela 17)

houve efeito do cálcio com ou sem embalagem de PVC no decorrer do período
de armazenamento dos frutos, no sentido de ocorrer menor degradação. Os

teores médios obtidos para os tratamentos foram inferiores àqueles registrados

por Menezes (1996). Sidiqui e Bangerth (1995), trabalhando com aplicação de

115



cálcio em maçã, obtiveram aumento noteordesta fração; contudo, este valor foi

inferior aos obtidosneste trabalhopara os váriostratamentos.

116



CONCLUSÕES

• Durante o armazenamento houve efeito do cálcio na redução do grau de

esterificação, com manutenção da firmeza, retenção da clorofila, retardo na

síntese de vitamina C, melhoria daaparência interna, diminuição dopH, aumento

da acidez, aumento da atividade de poligalacturonase e redução da atividade de

pectinametilesterase, com o aumento dos teores de açúcares do material deparede

celular (fração hemicelulosee fração celulose).

• Durante o armazenamento houve efeito da embalagem na redução da perda de

massa, na manutenção da relação SS/ATT, com diminuição do pH, melhoria da

aparência externa, aumento na concentração de poliuronídeos, aumento da

atividade depectinametilesterase e redução da atividade depoligalacturonase.

• O efeito conjunto do cálcio e da embalagem foi efetivo em promover menor

solubilização da pectina, com menor degradação dos açúcares totais e daglicose.

• Para prevenir o desenvolvimento de doenças pós-colheita dos frutos, o

tratamento hidrotérmico (48°C, 20 minutos), juntamente com a aplicação de

Prochloraz foi eficiente. Noperíodo dearmazenamento os frutos apresentaram-se

isentos de doenças até o 302 dia de avaliação, sendo observada, aos 35 dias, a

presença de ataque fiingico. A temperatura de 10 + 2°C e a umidade relativa de



85 ± 5%,neste período, mostrou ser uma condição ótima para o armazenamento

do frutos de mamoeiro cv. 'Sunrise Solo'.

• A conservação de mamões cv. 'Sunrise Solo' pode ser conseguida por um

período de armazenamento longo (25 dias), mas novas pesquisas fazem-se

necessárias antes de se sugerir ou recomendar a utilização dos tratamentos

utilizados para pequenos ou grandes produtores e exportadores, visto que, no

final do período de armazenamento, a presença de frutos inadequados para o

consumo se fez presente.

118



REFERENCIAS BIBLIOGRÁFICAS

AKAMINE, E.K. Respiration of fruits of papaya (Caríca papaya L var. Solo)
with reference to the effect of quarantine desinfestation treatments.
Proceedings of the American Society for Horticultural Science,
Beltsville,v.88, p. 231-236,1966.

AKAMINE, E. K. GOO, T Relationship between surface color development and
total soluble solids in papaya. HortScience, Alexandria, v.6, n.6, p.567-
568,1971.

AKAMINE, E. K. The hot water treatment of papayas. Food Technology,
Austrália, p.482- 483> Nov. 1975.

AKAMINE, E. K.; GOO, T. Respiration, ethylene production, and sehlf life
extension in irradiated papaya fiuit after storage under simulated shipping
condrtions. Hawaii, Agricultura! Experiment Station, 1977, 12p.
(Technical bulletin, 93).

ALBERSHEIM, P.; NEVINS, D.J.; ENGLISH, P.D.;KARR, A. A method for
the analysis of sugar in plant cell wall polyssacharides by gas-liquid
chromatography. CarboydrateResearch, Amsterdam, v.5, p.340-345, 1967.

ALONSO, J.; RODRIGUEZ, T.; CANET, W. Effect of various thermal pre
treatment on the texture of frozen cherries (Prunits avium L.) Realted
Enzyme Activities. Z. Lebensm. Unters, Forsch, p. 214-218,1993.

ALONSO, J.; RODRIGUEZ, T; CANET, W. Effect of calcium pretreatments
on the textures of frozen cherries. Role of pectinesterase in the changes in
the pectic materiais. Journal Agricultura! of Food Chemistry,
Washington, v.43, n.l0,p.l011-1016, 1995.

ALONSO, J.; CANET, W.; RODRÍGUEZ.T. Thermal and calcium pretreatment
affects texture, pectinesterase andpectic substances of frozen sweet cherries.
Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.62, n.3,p.511 - 515, 1997.



ANDREWS, P. K.; SHULIN, L. Cell wall hydrolitic enzyme activity during
development of nonclimacteric sweet cherry (Prunus avium L.) fruit.
Journal of Horticultural Science, Ashford, v.70,n.4, p.561-567,1995.

AN, J.F.; PAULL, R.E. Storage temperature and ethylene influence on ripening
of papaya fruit. Journal American for Society Horticultural Science,
Alexandria, v.115, n.6, p.949-953,1990.

ANUÁRIO ESTATÍSTICO DO BRASIL, 1995. Rio de Janeiro: FIBGE
1995,v.5.

ARRIOLA, M.C. de; MADRID, M.C. de; ROLZ, C. Alguns câmbios físicos y
químicos de Ia papaya durante su almacenamiento. Proceedings of
Tropical Region of the American Society of Horticultural Science,
Orlando, v.l9,p.97-109, 1975.

ARRIOLA, M.C. de; CALZADA, J.F. de; MENCHU, J.F.; ROLZ, C.;GARCIA,
R.; CABRERA, S. de. Papaya. In: Tropical and subtropical fruits.
Westport: AVI, p. 316-340,1980.

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Official
Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemistry,
ll^ed, Washington: 1970.

ASSOCIATION OF OFFICIAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY. Official
methods of analysis of the Association of Official analytical Chemistry.
12* ed. Washington, 1990.

AWAD, M.; YOUNG, R.E. Postharvest variation incellulose, polygalacturonase
and pectin methylesterase in 'Avocado'(Persea americana Mill cv. Fuerte)
Mimofl,1 vͧ3,tp°Í6^3^;°fe7ld ^y1^ production. Plant Physiology,

AWAD, M. Fisiologia pós-colheita de frutos. São Paulo: Nobel, 1993,114p.

AZIZ, A. A. B.; EL-NAZAWY, S. M.; ZAKL H.A. Seasonal changes in the
physical and chemiscal properties of papaya fruits, Egypt Journal
Horticultural, Cairo, v.3, n.l, p.89 - 97, 1976.

BACIC, A; HARRIS, H.J.; STONE, B.A. Structure and function of plant cell
walls. In: .-. The biochemistry of plants: a comprehensive treatise.
Carboydrates, Londres: Academic press, v.l4,p.297-371,1988.

120



BALBINO, J. M. DE S. Efeitos de hidrotermia, refrigeração e ethefon na
qualidade pós-colheita de Mamão {Carica papaya L.) UFV: Viçosa, 1997.
104p. (Tese - Fisiologia Vegetal).

BAMBERG,J.B.; PALTA, J.P.; PETERSON, L.A.; MAX MARTIN;
KRUEGER, A.R. Screening potato species germoplasm for tuber Calcium.
American Potato Journal, Orono, v.72, n.10, p.613, Oct. 1995.

BANGERTH, F. Calcium related physiological disorders of plants. Annual
Review Phytopathology, Paio Alto, v.17, p.97-122, 1979.

BANGERTH, F.; DILLEY, D.R; DEWEY, D.H. Effect of postharvest calcium
treatmentson internai breakdown and respiration ofapple fruits. Journal of
the American Society for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v.97, n.5,
p.679-682, 1972.

BARTOLOME, L.G.; HOFF, J.E. Firming of potatoes: biochemical effects of
preheating. Journal of Agrículture and Food Chemistry , Washington,
v.20,n.2,p. 266-270,1972.

BEAVERS, W.B.; SAMS, CE.; CONWAY, W.S.; BROWN, G.A. Calcium
source effects calcium content, fírmness, and degree of injurity of apples
during storage. HortScience, Alexandria, v.29, n.12, p.1520-1523, Dec.
1994.

BIALE, J.B. Synthetic and degradative process in fruit ripening. In: .-.
Postharvest biology and handling of fruits and vegetables. Westport: AVI,
cap.2,p. 8-18. 1975.

BIALE, J.B.; YOUNG, R.E. Respiration and ripening in fruits: retrospect and
prospect. In: .-. Recents advances in the biochemistry of fruits and
vegetables. London: Academic Press, 1981, cap.l,p.l-37.

BISSOLI, Jr., W. Qualidade de mangas (Mangifera indica L. cv. Tommy
Atkins) sob influência da pulverização pré-colheita dos frutos com cálcio
e boro. Lavras: ESAL, 1992. 85p. (Dissertação - Mestrado em Ciência dos
Alimentos).

BLEINROTH, E.W. Qualidade dos produtos hortifrutícolas. Campinas:
Instituto de Tecnologia de Alimentos, 1988. 67p.

121



BLEINROTH, E.W.; SIGRIST, J.M.M. Matéria prima. In: Mamão. Campinas:
ITAL. p. 179-254,1989 (Série frutas tropicais, 7).

BLEINROTH, E.W.. Colheita e manejo. In: FRUPEX. Mamão para
exportação: procedimento de colheita e pós-colheita. Brasília:
MAARA/FRUPEX, 1993, -p. (Série publicações técnicas FRUPEX).

BLUMENKRANTZ, N.; ASBOE-HANSEN, G. New method for quantítative
determination of uronic acids. Analytícal Chemistry, New York, v 5 p
484-489, 1973.

BRADY, C.J. The pectinesterase of pulp banana fruit. Australian Journal of
Plant Physiologist, Victoria, v.3, p.163-172,1976.

BRADY, C. J.; MACALPINE, G.; MCGLASSON, W.B. UEDA, Y.
Polygalacturonase in tomato fruits and the induction of ripening. Australian
Journal of Plant Physiologist, East Melboume, v.9, p.171-178,1982.

BRADY, C.J. Fruit ripening. Annual Review Plant Physiology, Paio alto, v.38
p.155-178, 1986.

BRADY, C. J. Fruit ripening. Annual Review Plant Physiology. Paio Alto,
v.38, p.155-178,1987.

BRASIL. Ministério da Indústria, do Comércio e do Turismo. Secretaria do
Comércio Exterior. Papaias (mamões) frescos. Brasília: SECEX, 1998
(FAX: 325-2075).

BRETT , C; WALDRON, K. Physilogical and biochemistry of plant cell
walls. London: Unwen Hyman, 193p.,1990.

BRISKIN, D.P.;HANSON,J.B. How does the plant plasmamembrane Pt -
ATPase PUMP protons? Journal of Experimenta] Botany, England, v 43
n.248, p.269-289, Mar. 1992.

BRUINSMA, J. The quantative analysis of chlorophyllis a and b in plant
extracts. Photochemistry and Photobiology, Elmsford, v.2, p 241-249
1963.

BURNS, J.K.; PRESSEY, R. Ca2+ in cell walls of ripening tomato and peach.
Journal American for Society Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v.112
n.5, p.783-787, 1987.

122



CARPITA, N.C. Hemicellulosic polymers of cell wall of 'zea' coleoptiles.
Plant Phisyology,Washington, v.72, n.2, p.515-521, 1983.

CARPITA, N.; GIBEAU, D.M. Structural models of primary cell walls in
flowing plants: consistency of molecular stnrture withthe physical properties
ofthe walls during growth. The PlantJournal, v.3, p. 1-30, 1993.

CARVALHO, RJ. de C; FIORAVANÇO, J.C; PATVA, M.C; MANICA, I.
Características físicas e químicas do mamão papaya comercializado em Porto
Alegre. Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura, Cruz das Almas, v.14, n.l,
p. 143-147,1993.

CASTRO, J.V.; SARANTÓPOULOS, C; YOTSUYANAGI, K.;
FUKUSHIMA, M. Emprego de embalagem plástica na conservação do
mamão. XIII Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura, Salvador, v.2, p.674,
1994. Anais...

CATUTANI, A.T.; LOURENÇO, E.J. Atividade da pectinesterase do mamão
(Carica papaia L.) no amadurecimento. Anais de Farmácia e Química de
São Paulo, São Paulo, v.22, n.1-2, p.3-10, JanVDez., 1982.

CHAN JR., H. T.; CHANG, T. S. K.; STAFFORD, A. E.; BREKKE, J. E.
Nonvolatile acids ofpapaya. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry,
London, v. 19,n.2, p.263 265,1971.

CHAN Jr., H.T.; KWOK, S.C.M. Isolation and characterization of 6-
fhictofuranosidase from papaya. Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.41,
p.320-323, 1976.

CHAN, Jr.; H.T. ; KWOK, S.C.M. Importance of enzyme inactivation prior to
extraction of sugars from papaya. Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.40,
n., p.770-771, 1975.

CHAN JR., H.T.; HIBBARD, K.L.; GOO, T.;. Sugar composition of papayas
during fruit development. HortScience, Alexandria, v.14, p. 140-141,1979.

CHAN Jr., H.T.; HIBBARD, K.L.; GOO, T.; AKAMINE, E.K. Sugar
composition of papayas during fruit development. HortScience,
Alexandria, v.14,n.2,p.140-141, 1979.

123



CHAN Jr., H.T.; TAM, S.Y.T.; SEO, S.T. Papaya polygalacturonase and its
role inthermally injuried ripening fruit. Journal of Food Science, Chicago,
v.46,p. 190-197,1981.

CHAN Jr., H. T.; TAM, S. Y. T. Partial purification and characterization of an
acid phosphate from papaya. Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.4, n
p. 1498-1500, 1982.

r^> CHAN Jr, H.T.; TANIGUCHL M.H. Changes in fatry^acid composition of
papaya lipids (Carica papaia) during ripening. Journal of Food Science,

\ Chicago, v.50,n.4,p. 1092-1094,1985. __-——-

CHAN Jr., H.T. Effects of heat treatments on the ethylene - forming enzyme
system in papayas. Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.51, n.3, p.581-583,
1986.

CHAN Jr., H.T Alleviation of chilling injury in papayas. HortScience,
Alexandria, v.23, n.5, p.868-870, 1988.

CHAN Jr., H.T.; LINSE, E. Conditioning cucumber to increase heat resistance
in the EFE system. Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.54, n., p.1375-
1990.

CHAN Jr., H.T. Ripeness and tissue depth effects on heat inactivation of papaya
ethylene-forming enzyme, Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.56, n.4,
1991.

CHAN JR., H.T.; TAM, S.Y.T.; SEO, S.T. Papaya polygalacturonase and its
role inthermally injuried ripening fruit. Journal of Food Science, Chicago
v.46,p. 190-197, 1991.

CHAVES-FRANCO, S.H.; KADER, A.A. Effects of C02 on ethylene
biosynthesis in 'Bartlett' pears. Postharvest Biology and Technology,
Amsterdam, v.3, p.183-190,1993.

CHEN, H.K.L. Chemical changes during the postharvest ripening of papaya
fruit. Honolulu: Hawai, 1963. 48p. (Thesis - Master Science).

CHEN, N.K.L. Some chemical changes during the post-harvest ripenig of
papaya fruit. Bot. Buli. Acad. Sinica., p. 89-99,1964.

124



CHEN, N. M.; PAULL, R. E. Development and prevention ofchilling injury in
papaya fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,
Alexandria, v.111,n.4, p.639-643,1986.

CHITARRA, A. B.; CHITARRA, M. I. F. Pós-colheita de frutos e hortaliças:
fisiologia e manuseio. Lavras: ESAL/FAEPE, 1990,289p.

CHOI, J.S.; LEE, J.C Effect ofpostharvest dipping in CaCl2 solution with some
adjuvants on Calcium content in 'Fuji' apple fruits. Journal of the Korean
Society for Horticultural Science, Korea, v.34, n.l, p.36-45,1993.

CHRISTOPHER, M.C; YUEN, S.CT; JOYCE, D.; CHETTRL P. Effect of
post-harvest Calcium and polymeric films on ripening and peel injury in
Kenington Pride mango. Asean Food Journal, Austrália, v.8, n.3, p.110-
113,1993.

CHRISTOFERSEN, R.E.; WARM, E; LATIES, G.C Gene expression during
fruit ripening inavocado. Planta, New York, v.155, p.52-57,1982.

CHUNG, H.D.; YOUN,S.J. The effect of CaCl2 application on membrane
protein profiles and cell wall structure of strawberry fruits. Journal of the
Korean Society for Horticultural Science, Korea, v.36, n.4, p.486-492,
1955.

CONWAY, W.S.; SAMS, CE. Calcium infiltration of golden delicious apples
and its effect on decay. Phytopathology, St. Paul, v.73, n.7, p.1068-1071,
Jul., 1983.

CONWAY, W.S.; SAMS, CE.; WATADA, A.E. Relationship between total and
cell wallboundcalcium in apples fbllowing postharvest pressume infiltration
ofcalcium chloride. Acta Hortículturae, Wageningen, n.398, p.31-39, 1995.

COUEY, H.M.; FARIAS, G. Control of postharvest decay of papaya.
HortScience, Alexandria, v.14, n.6, p.719-721, 1979.

COUEY, H.M. Heat treatment for control ofpostharvest disease and insect pests
of fruit. HortScience, Alexandria, v.24, n., p.198-202,1989.

DEMARTY, M.; NORMAN.C; THELLIER, M. Calcium and the cell wall.
Plant Cell and Environment, Oxford, v.7, n.10, p.477-489, 1984.

125



D'INNOCENZO, M. Comportamento de enzimas da parede celular e
textura da polpa relacionados ao tratamento de irradiação de mamões
(Carica papaya 1. cv. Solo) durante o amadurecimento. Piracicaba:
ESALq, 1996. 85p. (Dissertação - Mestrado emCiências).

DEIKMAN, J. Molecular mechanism of ethylene regulation of gene
transcription. Physilogia Plantarum, Copenhagen, v.100, p.561-566,1997.

DRAETTA, I. dos S.; SFÜMOKOMAKI, M.;YOKOMIZO, Y.; FUJJTA, J.T;
MENEZES, H.C. de; BLEINROTH, E.W. Transformações bioquímicas do
mamão (Carica papaya) durante a maturação. Coletânea do Instituto de
Tecnologia de Alimentos, Campinas, v.6, n., p.395-408, 1975.

DURIGAN, J.F. Armazenamento de mamões (Carica papaya) 'Improved
Sunrise Solo Line 72/12' com o uso de hidrotermia, fungicida, cera,
filmes plásticos e KMn04, associados a diferentes temperaturas de
refrigeração. Jaboticabal: UNESP, 1994.185p. (Livre Docência).

^EMBRAPA: Empresa de Pesquisa Agropecuária Brasileira, Centro Nacional de
Pesquisa de Mandioca e Fruticultura Tropical. A cultura do mamão, 80p
1994.

ENGEL, V.L.; POGGIAM, F. Estudo da concentração de clorofila nas folhas e
seu espectro de absorção de luz em função do sombreamento em mudas de
quatro espécies florestais. Revista Brasileira de Fisiologia Vegetal,
Londrina, v.3, n.l, p.39-45,1991.

EVANS, D.E.; BRIARS, S-A; WILLIAMS, L.E. Activy calcium transport by
plant cell membranes. Journal of Experimental Botany, London, v.42,
n.236, p. 285-303, Mar., 1991.

FAO. FOOD AND AGRICULTURE ORGANIZATION OF THE UNITED
NATIONS. Quartely Bulletin of Statistics, Rome, v.9,n.1/2,1996.

FENNEMA, RO. Química de los Alimentos. Zaragoza: Editorial Acribia,
1993,1095p.

FERGUSON, I.B. Calcium in plant senescence and fruit ripening. Plant Cell
and Enviroment, Oxford, v.7, p. 477-489,1984.

FERGUSON, I.B.; DR(|>BAK, B.K. Calcium and the regulation of plant growth
andsenescence. HortScience, Alexandria, v.23, n.2, p.262-266, Apr. 1988.

126



FERGUSON, I.B.; VOLZ, R.K.; HARKER, F.R.; WATKINS, C.B.;
BROOKFIELD, P.L. Regulation of the postharvest fruit physiology by
calcium. Acta Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v.398, p.23-27,1995.

FILGUEIRA H.A.C Bioquímica do amadurecimento de tomates híbridos
heterozigotos no loco álcobaça' Lavras: UFLA, 1996. 118p. (Tese
Doutorado em Ciência dos Alimentos).

FISCHER, M.; AMADO, R. Changes in the pectic substances of apples during
development and postharvest ripening. Part 1: Analysis of the alcohol-
insoluble residue. Carbohydrate Polymers ,Great Britain, v.25, p.161 - 166,
1994.

FISCHER, M.; ARRIGONI, E., AMADO, R. Changes in the pectic substances
of apples during development and postharvest ripening. Part 2: Analysis of
the pectic fractions. Carbohydrate Polymers, Great Britain, v.25, p.167 -
175, 1994.

FISHER, R.L; BENNETT, A.B. Role of cell wall hydrolases in fruit ripening.
Annual Review of Plant Physiological and Plant Molecular Biology. Paio
Alto, v.42, p.675-703, 1991.

FRY , S.C Polyssacharide - modifying enzimes in the plant cell wall. Annual
Review of Plant Physiological and Plant Molecular Biology. Paio Alto,
v.46, p.497-520,1995.

FRY, S.C Cross - linking of matrix polymers in the growing cell walls of
angiosperms. Annual Review Plant Physiological and Plant Molecular
Biology. Paio Alto, v.37, p.165-186,1986.

GAYET, J.P.; BLEINROTH, E.W.; MATALLO, M.; GARCIA, E.E.C;
CARCIA, A.E.; ARDITO, E.F.G.; BORDIN, M.R Mamão para
exportação: procedimentos de colheita e pós-colheita. EMBRAPA - SPI,
Brasília-DF, 1995. 38 p.

GERASOPOULOS, D.; CHOULIARAS, V.; LIONAKIS, S. Effects of
preharvest calcium chloride sprays on maturity and storability of Hayward
kiwifruit. Postharvest Biology and Technology , Amsterdam,v.7, p.65-72,
1996.

127



GLENN, G.M.; POOVAIAH, B.W. Calcium- mediated postharvest changes in
texture and cell wall structure and composition in 'Golden Delicious'apples.
Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science, v.115, p 962-
968, 1990.

GLENN, G.M.; POOVAIAH, B.W. Cuticular permeability to calcium
compounds in 'Golden Delicious' apple fruit. Journal of the American
Society for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v.110, n.2, p.192-195,
1985.

GONÇALVES, N.B. Efeito da aplicação de cloreto de cálcio associado ao
tratamento hidrotérmico sobre a composição química e suscetibilidade
ao escurecimento interno do abacaxi cv. Smooth Cayenne. Lavras:
UFLA, 1998. 96p. (Tese - Doutorado emCiência dos Alimentos).

GREGÓRIO, M. Mosca de Fruta: Papaia amplia mercado no Exterior . Jornal
da USP, p.6-7, 1996.

GREVE, L.C; LABAVITCH, J.M. Cell wall metabolism in ripening fruit. V.
Analysis ofcell wall synthesis in ripening tomato pericarp tissue using a D- [
UJ C] glucose tracer and gas-chromatography-mass spectrometry. Plant
Physiology, Baltimore, v.97,n.2, p.1456-1461, Oct. 1991.

GRIERSON, D . Gene expression in ripening tomato fruit. CRC Criticai
Reviews of PlantScience, Cleveland, v.3, p. 113-132,1985.

GRIERSON, D. Senescence in fruits. HortScience, Alexandria, v.22 n5
p.859-862, Oct. 1987

GROSS, K.C. Fractionation and partial characterization of cell walls from
normal and ripenning mutant tomato fruit. Physiologia Plantaram,
Copenhagen, v.62, n.1,p.25-32, Sept. 1984.

GROSS, K.C. Recent developement in tomato fruit softening. Postharvest
News and Transformation, v.l, p.190-112,1990.

GROSS, K.C. WATADA, A.E.; KANG, M.S.; KIM, S.D.; KIM, K.S.; LEE,
S.W. Biochemical changes associated with the ripening of the hot pepper
fruit. Physiologia Plantaram, Copenhagen, v.66, p.31-36, 1986.

128



GROSS, K.C.; SAMS, CE. Changes in cell wall neutral sugar composition
during fruit ripening: A species survey. Phytochemistry, Elmsford, v.23,
n.ll,p.2457-2461, 1984.

GUNTER, C.C.; KLEINHENZ, M.D.; PALTA,J.P. Potato seed piece calcium
can influence tuber yield. HortScience, Alexandria, v.31, n.4, p.592, Aug.
1996.

HAYASHI, T. Xyloglucans in the primary cell wall. Annual Review of Plant
Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology, New York, v.40, p.139-168,
1989.

HAYASHI, T.; TAKEDA, T.; OGAWA, K.; MJTSUISHLY. Effects of the
degree of polymerization on the binding of xyloglucans to cellulose. Plant
Cell Physiology , v.35, n.8, p.l 199-1205, 1994.

HIGBY, W.K. A simplifíeld method for determination of some aspects of the
carotenoid distribuhion in natural and carotene-fortifíeld orange juice.
Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.27, n.l, p.42-49, Jan/Fev.1962.

HOBSON, G.E. Enzymes and texture changes during ripening. In: .-. Recent
advances in the biochemistry of fruits and vegetables. Londres: Academic
Press, cap. 6,p.l21-132, 1981.

HONORIO, S.L.; ROCHA, J.L.V. Armazenagem e conservação de mamão
(Caricapapaya L.) cv. solo. In:.-. Simpósio Brasileiro Sobre a Cultura do
Mamoeiro, 2.1988. Jaboticabal. FCAV/UNESP. Anais p.293-310.

HUBER, D.J. Polyuronide degradation and hemicelulose modifictions in
ripening tomato fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural
Science,Alexandria, v.108,n.3, p.405-409,1983.

HUBER, D.J. The inativation of pectin depolimerase associated with isolated
tomato fruit cell wall: implications for the analysis of pectin solubility and
molecular weight. Physiologia Plantaram, Copenhagen, v.86, n. ,p.25-32,
1992.

HUBER, D.J. The role of cell wall hydrolases in fruit softening. Horticultural
Reviews, Wesstport, v.5, p.l 69-219,1983.

ISLAM, M. N.; COLON, T; VARGAS, T. Effect of prolonged solar expusure
onthe vitamin C contents of tropical fruits. Food Chemistry, London, v.48,
p.75 -78, 1993.

129



JEN, J.J.; ROBINSON, M.L.P. Pectolitíc enzymes in sweet bell peppers
(Capsicum annuum L.) Journal of Food Science, Chicago, v.49, p. 1085-
1087, Mar./Apr. 1984.

JOYCE, D.C; BEASLEY, D.R.; SHORTER, A.J. Effect of preharvest bagging
on fruit Calcium leveis, and storage and ripening characteristics of
'Sensations' mangos. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture,
Austrália, v.37, p.383-389,1997.

JOYCE, D.C; SHORTER, A.J.; JONES, P.N. Effect of delayed film wrapping
and waxing on the shelf life of avocado fruit. Australian Journal of
Experimental Agriculture, East Melboume, v.35, p.657-659, 1995.

KADER, A.A. Biochemical and physiological basis for effects of controled and
modified atmospheres on fruits and vegetables. Food Technology, Chicago,
v.40,n.5,p.99-104,1986

KADER, A.A. Postharvest Technology of Horticultural Crops. Califórnia:
University ofCalifórnia, 1992. 296p.

KEY, J.L.; LIN, C.Y.; CHEN, Y.M. Heat shock proteins of higher plants.
Proceeding Natl. AcademicPress. USA, v.78, p.3526-3530,1981.

KIM, J. B.; CARPITA, N.C Changes in esterifícation of the uronic acid groups
of cell wall polysaccharides during elongation of maize coleoptiles. Plant
Physiology, Baltimore, v.98, n.2, p.646-653, Feb. 1992,

KLEINHENZ, M.D.; GUNTER, C.C; PALTA, J.P. Increases in potato tuber
calcium concentration through calcium application may reduce the incidence
of internai brown spot and rollow heart. American Potato Journal, Maine,
v.72,n.l0,p.34, 1995.

KNEE, M.; BARTLEY, LM. Composition and metabolism of cell wall
polysacharides in ripening fruit. In:-. Recent Advances in the Biochemistry
of Fruit and Vegetables. Londres: Academic Press, cap. 7, p.130-146,1981.

KNEE, M.; SRTVASTAVA, P. Binding of calcium by cell walls and estimation
of calcium in apple fruit tissue with an ion selective electrode. Postharvest
Biology and Technology, Amsterdam,v.5, p.l9-27,1995.

130



KUBO, Y.; INABA, A; NAKAMURA, R. Respiration and C2H4 prduction in
various harvest crops held in C02 - enriched atmosphere. Journal of the
American Society for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v.115, n4
p.975-978, 1990.

LABIB, A .A.S.; AL-ASHWAH, F.A.;OMRAN, H.T.; ASKAR,A.Heat
inactivation of mango pectinesterase and polygalacturonase. Food
Chemistry. Washington, v.53,p.137-142,1995.

LAZAN, H.; ALI, Z. M.; LIANG, K.S.; YEE, K.L. Polygalacturonase activity
and variation in ripening of papaya fruit with tissue depth and heat

Jreatment. Physiologia Plantaram, Copenhagen, v.77, p.93-98, 1989.

LAZAN, H.; ALL Z.M.; SIM, W.C Retardation of ripening and development
of water stress in papaya fruit seal-packaged with polyethylene film. Acta
Horticulturae, n.269, p.345-358,1990.

LAZAN , H.; SELAMAT, M.S.; ALI, Z.M. fG^tíõãdJsêTpõT^^cbÍTO^Lse
and pectinesterase in differential softening and cell wall modification during
papaya fruit ripening. Physiologia Plantarum, Copenhagen, v.95, n.l,
p.106-112,1995.

LELIÈVRE, J-M.; LATCHÉ, A.; JONES, B.; BOUZAYEN, M.; PECH, J-C
Ethylene and fruit ripening. Physiologia Plantarum, Copenhagen, v.101,
p.727-739, 1997.

LESTER, G. Calcium akers senescence rate of postharvest muskmelon fruit
disks. Postharvest Biology and Technology, Amsterdam, v.7, n., p.91-96,
1996.

LEVY, S.; YORK, W.S.; STUIKE-PRILL, R.; MEYER, B.; STAEHELIN, L.A.
Simulations of the static and dynamic molecular conformations of
xyloglucan. The role of the fücosylated side chain in surface-specific side
chain folding. Plant Journal, Washington, v.l,p.l95-215,1991.

LIMA, L.C. de O. Tecido esponjoso em manga 'Tommy Atkins':
transformações químicas e bioquímicas durante armazenamento. Lavras:
UFLA, 1997. 15 lp. (Tese - Doutorado emCiência dos Alimentos).

LOURENÇO, E.J.; CATUTANI, A.T. Purification and propeities of
pectinesterase from papaya. Journal of the Science of Food and
Agriculture, London, v.35, p.l 120-1127, 1984.

131



LURIE, S.; KLEIN, J.D. Calcium and heat treatments to improve storability of
'Atina' apples. HortScience, Alexandria, v.27, n.l, p.36-39, Jan. 1992.

LURIE, S.; LEVIN, A.; GREVE, L.C; LABAVITCH, J.M. Pectic polymer
changes in nectarines during normal and abnormal ripening.
Phytochemistry, Elmsford, v.36,n.l, p.11-17, 1994.

MANESS, N.O.; RYAN, J.D.; MORT, A.J. Determinatíon of the degree of
methyl esterification of pectins in small samples by selective reduction of
esterified galacturonic acid to galactose. Analytical Biochemistry, New
York, v.l85,n.2,p.346-352,1990.

MANSHARDT, R.M. Papaya. In: .-. Biotechnology of Perennial Fruit Crops,
Cambridge: C.A.B. International, 1992,cap.21, p.489-511.

MARIN, S. L. D.; GOMES, J. A.; SILVA, J. G. F. da S. Comportamento de
preçosdo mamão do gruposolona região norte do Espírito Santoao mercado
nacional e internacional, XIH Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura,
Salvador, v.2, p.655, 1994. Anais...

MATHOOKO, F. M. Regulation of ethylene biosynthesis in higher plants by
carbon dioxide. Postharvest Biology and Technology, Amsterdam, v.7,
p.1-26, 1996.

MATHOOKO, F. M. Studies on the biochemical and physiology responses
of fruits and vegetables to treatments with elevated leveis of carbon
dioxide. Ph.D. Thesis, Okayama University, Okayama, 1955. In:
MATHOOKO, F. M. Postharvest Biology andTechnlogy, v.7,p.1-26, 1996.

McCOLLUM, T.G; DOOSTDAR, H.; MAYER, R.T; McDONALD, R.E.
Immersion of cucumber fuit in heated water akers chilling-induced
physiological changes. . Postharvest Biology and Technology, Amsterdam,
v.6, p.55-64,1995.

McCOLLUM, T.G.; HUBER, D.J.; CANTLIFE, D.J. Modification of
polyuronides and hemicelluloses during muskmelon fruit softening.
Physiologia Plantarum, Copenhagen, v.76, n.3, p.303-308, May 1989.

McCREADY, R. M.; McCOMB, E. A. Extraction and determination of total
pectic materiais in fruits. Analytical Chemistry, New York, v.24, n.12, p.
1986- 1988, 1952.

132



McCREADY, R.M.; McCOMB, E.A. Extraction and determination of total
pectic materiais. Analytical Chemistry, Washington, v.24, n.12, p. 1586-
1588, Nov. 1952.

McGLASSON, W.B. Ethylene and fruit ripening. HortScience , Alexandria,
v.20,p. 51-52, 1985.

McMURCHJE.EJ.; McGLASSON, W.B.; E EAKS, I.L. Treatments of fuits
with propylene gives information about the biogenesis of ethylene. Nature,

J-ondon, v.237, p. 235-236, 1972.

MEDINA, J.C;BLEIROTH, E.W.; SIGRIST.J.M.M.; De MARTIN, Z.J.;
NISIDA, A.L.C;BALDINI, V.L.S.; LEITE, R.S.S.F.;GARCIA, A.E.B.
Mamão: cultura, matéria-prima, processamento e aspectos econômicos.
Campinas: ITAL, Série Frutas Tropicais, n.7. 1989, 367p.

MEDINA, V.M.; SILVA, J.R.R. Revestimento do mamão 'Sunrise Solo' com
ceras de carnaúba e polietileno. XIH Congresso Brasileiro de Fruticultura,
Salvador, v.2, p.655, 1994. Anais...

MENEZES, J. B.; Qualidade pós-colheita de melão tipo Galia durante a
maturação e o armazenamento. Lavras:UFLA, 1996. 157p. (Tese -
Doutorado em Ciência dos Alimentos).

MINGUEZ-MOSQUERA. MI.; GALLARDO-GUERRERO, L Role of
chlorophyllase in chlorophyll metabolism in olives cv. Gordal.
Phytochemistry, Elmsford, v.4,n.e, p.691-697, 1996.

MINGUEZ-MOSQUERA. M.I.; JAKEN-GALAN. M. Kinetics of the
decollouring of carotenoid pigments. Journal of the Science of Food and
Agricultura!, London, v.67, p.153-161, 1995.

MITCHAM, E.J.; McDONALD, R.E. Cell wall modification during ripening of
'Keitt' and 'Tommy Atkins' mango fruit. Journal of the American Society
for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v.l 17, n.6, p.919-924, 1992.

MITCHELL, F.G. Influence of cooking and temperature maintenance on stone
fruit quality. Deciduous Fruit Grower, Washington, v.38, p.205-211,
1986.

133



MONSELISE, S.P. Fruit Set and Development, CRC press, p.277-301,1986.

MOSCA, J. L. Conservação pós-colheita de frutos do mamoeiro Carica
papaya (L.) 'Improved Sunrise Solo Une 72/12', com utilização de filmes
protetores e cera, associados a refrigeração. Jaboticabal: UNESP, 91p.
1992.

MOY, J.H. Prospects and problems of irradiating papaya. A case study in
Hawaii. International Atomic Engineering Agency, Vienna, v.271, n.65
p.61-68,1986.

MURAMATSU, N.; TAKAHARA, T. KOJIMA, K.; OGATA, T. Relationship
between texture and cell wall polysaccharides of fruit flesh invarious species
oiCitrus. HortScience, Alexandria, v.31, n.l, p.l 14- 116,1996.

NAKASONE, H. Y. Produção de mamão nos trópicos e subtrópicos. IN: -
Simpósio Brasileiro sobre a Cultura do Mamoeiro. Jaboticabal, 1988.:
Anais... Jaboticabal: UNESP, p.19 -43,1988.

NELSON, N. A photometric adapatation of Somoghy method for determinatíon
of glicose, Journal of Biológica! Chemistry, Baltimore, v.135, n.l, p.136-
175,Jan. 1944.

NISHIJIMA, W.T. Tratamento pós colheita para mamão. In: Simpósio
Brasileiro Sobre a Cultura do Mamoeiro, 2, Jaboticabal, 1988. Jaboticabal:
FDA, UNESP, 1988.p.333-359.

0'DONOGHUE , E.M.; SOMERFIELD, S.D.; VRÉ, L.A.; HEYES, J.A.
Developmental and ripening-related effects on the cell wall of pepino
(Solanum muricatum) fruit Journal of the Science of Food and
Agriculture, London, v.73,p. 455-463,1997.

0'DONOUGHE, EM.; HUBER, D.J.;TIMPA, J.D.; ERDOS, G.W.; BRECHT,
J.K. Influence ofavocado (Persea americana) Cx-cellulase on the structuraí
features ofavocado cellulose. Planta, NewYork, v.194, p. 573-584., 1994.

OETIKER, J.H., YANG, S.F. The role of ethylene in fruit ripening. Acta
Horticulturae, The Hague, v.398, p.l67-178,1995.

134



OLIVEIRA, A.M.G. et ai .Mamão para exportação: Aspectos técnicos da
produção. Ministério da Agricultura, do Abastecimento e da Reforma
Agrária, Secretaria do Desenvolvimento Rural, Programa de apoio à
Produção e Exportação de Frutas, Hortaliças, Flores e Plantas Ornamentais.
Brasília: EMBRAPA- SPI, 52p. 1994. (Série Publicações Técnicas,
FRUPEX;9)

PAIVA, E.A.; CASALI, V.W.D.; SILVA, E.A.M.S.; MARTINEZ, H.E.P.;
CECON, P.R.; FONTES, P.C.R; PEREIRA, P.R.G. Qualidade detubérculos
de batata em função de doses de cálcio. Horticultura Brasileira, v.15, n.l,
p.53-57, Maio, 1997.

PAL, D.K.; SUBRAMANYAM, M.D.; DIVAKAR, N.G.; IYER, C.P.A.;
SELVARAJ, Y. Studies on the physico-chemical composition of fruits of
twelve papaya varieties. Journal of Food Science and Technology, New
Dely, v.17, n.6, p.254-256,1980.

PAULL, R. E.; CHEN, N. J. Heat shock response in field-grown, ripening
papaya fruit. Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science,
Alexandria, v. 115, n.4, p. 623 - 631,1990.

PAULL, R. E.; CHEN, N. J. Postharvest variation in cell wall-degrading
enzymes of papaya (Carica papaya L.) during fruit ripening. Plant
Physiology, v.72, p. 382-385, 1983.

PAULL, R.E.; CHEN, N.J. Waxing and plastic wraps influence water loss from
papaya fruit during storage and ripening. Journal of the American Society
for Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v. 114, n.6, p. 937-942,1989.

PESIS, E.; AMPUNPONG, C SHUSIRI, B. HEWETT, E.W. Enhancement of
ethylene and C02 production inapple fruit following short-term exposure to
high C02. Postharvest Biology and Technology, Amsterdam, v.4, p.309-
317, 1994

PIMENTEL GOMES, F. Curso de estatística experimental. 13 ed., São Paulo:
Nobel, 1990.468p.

POOVAIAH, B.W. Molecular and cellular aspects of calcium action in plants.
HortScience, Alexandria, v.23, n.2, p.267-271, Apr. 1988.

POOVAIAH, B.W. Role of calcium and calmodulin in plant growth and
development. HortScience, Alexandria, v.20, n.3,p. 347-351, Jun., 1985.

135



POOVAIAH, B.W.; GLENN, G.M.; REDDY, A.S.N. Calcium and fruit
softening: physiology and biochemistry. Horticultural Reviews, Cairo, v 10
p. 107-153,1988.

POOVAIAH, B.W. Role of calcium in prolonging storage life of fruits and
vegetables. Food Technology, Chicago, v.40, n.5, p.86-90, 1986.

POOVAIAH, B.W.; REDDY, A.S.N. Calcium messeger system in plants. CRC
Criticai Reviews in Plant Science, Cleveland, v.6, p.47-103, 1987.

PRESSEY, R. Enzymes involved in fruit softening. In: OKY, R.L.; St
ÂNGELO, A. (ed). Enzymes in food and beverage processing.
Washington: American Chemical Society, 1977, ACC Symposium series 47
ISSN 0097-6156.

PRESSEY, R.; AVANTS, J.K. Separation and characterization of
endopolygalacturonase and exopolygalacturonase from peaches. Plant
Physiology, Washington, v.52, n., p.252-256, Sept. 1973.

PRESSEY, R.; AVANTS, J.K. Solubilization of cell wall by tomato
polygalacutonase: role of pectinesterase. Journal of Food Biochemistry
Westport, v.6,n.l, p.57-74, Sept. 1982.

PROTRADE, P. Papaya - export manual: Tropical fruits and vegetables
Eschbom: GTZ, 1993,35p.

"QIU, Y.; NISHINA, M.S.; PAULL, R.E. Papaya fruit growth, calcium uptake,
and fruh ripening. Journal of the American for Society Horticultural
Science, Alexandria, v.120, n.2, p.246-253,1995.

QUINTANA, M.E.G.; PAULL, R.E. Mechanical injury during postharvest
handling of 'Solo' papaya fruit. Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v.118, n.5, p.618-622,1993.

RAESE, J.T.: DRAKE, S.R ; STAIFF, D.C Influence of different calcium
materiais and spray timing on mineral composition, yield, fruit, quality, and
control of fruit disorders of "Anjou" pears.). Journal of Plant Nutrition
v.18, n.4, p.823-838, 1995.

RAESE, J.T.; DRAKE, S.R. Effects of preharvest calcium sprays on apple and
pear quality. Journal of Plant Nutrition, v.16, n.9, p.1807-1819,1993.

136



RANWALA, A.P.; SUEMATSU, C; MASUDA, H. The role of B-
Galactosidases in the modification of cell wall components during
muskmelon ripening. Plant Physiology, Washington, v.100, p.1318-1325,
1992.

REXOVÁ-BENKOVÁ,L.; MARKOVIK, O. Petin enzymes. Advances in
Carbohydrates Chemistry and Biochemistry, New York, v.33, p.323-385,
1976.

RIGNEY, C.J.; WILLS, R.B.H. Calcium movement, a regulating fector in the
initiation oftomato fruit ripening. HortScience, Alexandria, v.16, n.4, p.550-
551, Aug. 1981.

RODOV, V.; BEN-YEHOSHUA, R.; ALBAGLI, R.; FANG, D.Q. Reducing
chilling injury decay od stored citrus fruit by hot water dips. Postharvest
Biology and Technology, Amsterdam, v.5, p.l 19-127,1995.

ROIG, M. G.; RTVERA, Z. S.; KENNEDY, J. F. L-ascorbic acid: an overview.
International Journal of Food Science andNutrition, v.44, p.59-72,1993.

RUGGIERO, C; DURIGAN, J.F. Colheita e de manejo. Informe
Agropecuário, BeloHorizonte, v.12, n.134, p.53-58,1986.

SAMS, S.E.;CONWAY, D.S.; ABBOTT, J.A.; LEWIS, R.J.; BEN-SHALOM,
N. Firmness and decay of apples following postharvest pressure inflitration
of calcium and heat treatment.Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science, Alexandria, n.l 18, v.5, p.623-627,1993.

SARRUGE, J.R.; HAAG, H.P. Análise Química em Plantas. Piracicaba
ESALq, 1974, 56p.

SCALON, S. P.Q. Qualidade de morango. Efeito do CaCl2 sobre a parede
celular a níveis residuais de Benomil. Lavras: UFLA, 1996. 105p. (Tese -
Doutorado em Ciênciados Alimentos).

SCOTT, K.J.; WILLS, RB.H. Postharvest application of calcium as a control
for storage breakdown of apples. Physiologia Plantarum, Copenhagen, v.89,
p.204-210, 1993.

SELVARAJ, Y.; PAL, D. K. Changes in the chemical composition of papaya
(Thailand variety) during growth and development. Journal of Food Science
and Technology, v. 19, p.257-259, Nov./Dec. 1982.

137



SELVARAJ, Y.; PAL, D.K.; SUBRAMANYAM, M.D.; IYER, CP.A.
Changes in the chemical composition of four cultivara of papaya (Carica
papaya L.) during growth and development. Journal of Horticultural
Science, Ashford, v.57,n.l, p.135-143,1982.

SELVARAJ, Y.; PAL, D.K.; SUBRAMANYAM, M.D.; IYER, CP.A. Fruit set
and the developmental pattem of fruits of five papaya varieties. Indian
Journal of Horticulture, New Delly, v.18, p.50 - 56,1982.

SEYMOUR, G.B.; TAYLOR, J.E.; TUCKER, G.A. Biochemistry of fruits
ripening. London: Chapman &Hall, 1993,453p.

SIDDIQUI, S.; BANGERTH, F. Effect of pre-harvest application of calcium on
flesh fírmness and cell-wall composition of apples - influence of fruit size.
Journal ofHorticultural Science, Ashford, v.70, n.2, p.263-269, 1995.

SIDDIQUL S.; BANGERTH, F. Studies on cell mediated changes during
storage of calcium infiltrated apples. Acta Horticulturae, Wageningen,
p. 105-113,1992.

SILVA, E. de O. Efeito da embalagem plástica e da temperatura sobre a
qualidade pós-colheita do mamão. Viçosa: UFV; 1995, 74p. Dissertação
(Mestrado).

SINGH, B.P.; SINGH, H.K.; CHAUHAN, K.S. Effea of post-harvest calcium
treatments on the storage life of guava fruits. Indian Journal of
Horticulture, New Delly, v.51 n.l, p.44-47, Jan. 1981.

SINGH, B.P; TANDON, D.K.;KALRA, S.K. Changes in postharvest quality of
mangoes affecter by preharvest application of calcium sahs. Scientia
Horticulturae, Amsterdam, v. 54,n.9,p. 211-219, 1993.

SINGH, G. Effect of calcium nitrate and plant growth regulators on the storage
of'allahabadad safeda' guavas. Indian Journal of Horticulture, New Delly
v.45, n. 1/2, p.45-50, Mar/Jun. 1988.

SINGH, I.P.; SHARMA, CK. HPSC-3: a high yielding new papaya hybrid for
Tripura. Journal of Hill Research, índia, v.9, n.l, p.73-75,1996.

138



SINGH, K.; CHAUHAN, K.S. Effects of pre-harvest application of calcium,
potassium and alar on pectin content and activity of PME and cellulase of
guava fruits during storage. Haryana Journal of Horticultural Sciences,
v.l0,n.3-4.p. 177-181, 1981.

SOUTHGATE, D.A.T. Determination of foods carbohydrates, London: Elsevier
Apllied Science, 1991, 232p.

STOW, J. Effea of calcium ions on apple fruit softneing during storage and
ripening. Postharvest Biology and Technology, Amsterdam, v.3, n.2, p.1-9
Feb. 1993.

STROHECKER, R.L.;HENNING, H.M. Analisis de Vitaminas : métodos
comprobados. Madrid: Paz Montalvo, 1967,428p.

SUNTHARALINGAM, S. Postharvest treatment of mangoes with calcium.
Tropical Science, London, v.36, p.14 - 17,1996.

TIEMAN, D.M.; HARRIMAN, R.W.; RAMAMOHAN, G.; HANDA, A.K. An
Antisense peain methylesterase gene alters peain chemistry and soluble
solids in tomatofruit. The Plant Cell, v.4,p.667-679, Jan.. 1992.

TIRMAZL S.I.H.; WILLS, R.B.H. Retardation of ripening of mangoes by
postharvest application of calcium. Tropical Agricultura. Trinidad, v 58,
n.2,p. 137-141, Apr., 1981.

TUCKER, G.A. Introduction- In: Biochemistry of Fruit Ripening. London:
Chapman &Hall, 1993,cap.lp.1-51.

VINCKEN, J.; YORK, W.S.; BELDMAN,G.; VORAGEN, A.G.J. Two general
branching pattems of xiloglucan, XXXG and XXGG. Plant Physiology,
Bartimore,v.114, p.9-13,1997.

VISSER, J.; VORAGEN, A.G.J. Pectins and Pectinases. Amsterdam,
Elsevier, 1996. 900p.

WALDRON, KW.; SMITH, AC; PARR, A.J.; NG, A.; PARKER, M.L.New
approaches to understanding and controlling cell separation in relation to
fruit and vegetable texture. Trends in Food Science & Technology,
Norwich, v.8, p. 213 - 221, July, 1997.

139



WILLS, R.B.H.; WIDJANARKO, S.B. Changes in physiology, composition
and sensory charaaeristic of Australian papaya during ripening. Australian
Journal of Experimental Agriculture, East Melboume, v.35, n.5, p.l 173-
1176, 1995.

WILLS, R.B.H.;LEE,T.H. GRAHAM.D.; McGLASSON,W.B.;HALL,E.G.
Temperature. In:- Postharvest physiology, handling of fruits and
vegetables. Austrália: N.S.W.W. Press, 1981, p. 39-51.

YANG, S.F .The role of ethylene in fruit ripening. Acta Horticulturae The
Hague, v.398, p. 167-178,1995.

YANG, S.F. Biossynthesis and action of ethylene. HortScience, Alexandria,
v.20,n.l,p.41-45, 1985.

YANG, S.F. The role of ethylene and ethylene synthesis in fruit ripening. Its
Biochemistry and Physiology, p.156-166, 1987.

YANG, S.F.; HOFFMANN, N.E. Ethylene biosynthesis and rts regulation in
higher plants. Annual Review Plant Phisiology., Paio alto, v.35, p. 155-189
1984.

YANG, S.F.; LAU, O.I.; LIU, Y. Effeas of fruits detachment on ethylene
biossyntesis and loss of flesh fírmness, skin, color, and starch in ripening
'Golden Delicious' apples. Journal of the American Society for
Horticultural Science, Alexandria, v.l 11, n.5,p.731-734,1986.

YUEN, C.M.C.; TAN, S.C; JOYCE, D.; CHETTRI, P. Effea of postharvest
calcium and polymeric films on ripening and peel injury in Kensington Pride
mango. ASEAN Food Journal, v.8, n.3, p.110-113,1993.

ZHANG, L-X.; PAULL, R.E. Ripening behavior of papaya genotypes.
HortScience, Alexandria, v.25, n.4, p.454-455, 1990.

140



ANEXOS

QUADRO 1 Resumo da análise de perda de massa de frutos do
mamoeiro cv. 'Sunrise Solo' durante o
armazenamento a 10 ±1°C e 85±5% UR, com e sem
embalagem (CE e SE; PVC 15um) e com e sem
Cloreto de cálcio(CCa e SCa; CaCl2 a 2%).

QUADRO 2 Resumo das análises de varíânacia de acidez
titulável (mg de ácido cítrico/lOOg de polpa), pH,
sólidos solúveis (%), sólidos solúveis/ácidez,
açúcares redutores (%glicose), açúcares não
redutores (%glicose) e amido (%) de frutos do
mamoeiro cv. 'Sunrise Solo' durante o
armazenamento a 10 ±1°C e 85±5% UR, com e sem
embalagem (CE e SE; PVC 15um) e com e sem
Cloretode cálcio (CCa e SCa; CaCI2 a 2%).

QUADRO 3 Resumo das análises de variância de vitamina C
total, clorofíla total e carotenóides de frutos do
mamoeiro cv. 'Sunrise Solo' durante o
armazenamento a 10 ±1°C e 85±5% UR, com e sem
embalagem (CE e SE; PVC 15um) e com e sem
Cloretode cálcio (CCa e SCa; CaCl2 a 2%).

QUADRO 4 Resumo das análises devariância detextura, peaina
total, peaina solúvel, protopectina, solubilidade,
peOinametilesterase (PME), poligalaauronase (PG)
de frutos do mamoeiro cv. 'Sunrise Solo'durante o
armazenamento a 10 ±1°C e 85±5% UR, com e
sem embalagem (CE e SE; PVC 15um) e com e sem
Cloretode cálcio (CCa e SCa; CaCl2 a 2%).

141

Página

142

143

144

145



QUADROI-Resumodaanálisedeperdademassadefrutosdomamoeirocv.'SunriseSolo'duranteoarmazenamentoa
10±1°Ce85±5%UR,comesemembalagem(CEeSE;PVC15um)ecomesemCloretodecálcio
(CCaeSCa;CaCI22%).

CausasdeVariaçãoQUADRADOSMÉDIOS*'**

GLPerdadeMassa/AparênciaexternaAparênciainterna

Cálcio164,4501**0,025NS10,5062**

Emb155,3039**12,10**1,4062NS

Tempo72136,7548**13,825**1,8348**

N-lCxE189,6854**0,90NS5,2562**
s>

CxT7297,4721NS0,225NS1,2491**

ExT7206,4052NS1,357**0,4919NS

CxExT7131,8830*0,2714NS0,165NS

Resíduo128
...

—...

MédiaG.
—

4,601,31250,3937

CV(%)
—

16,1711,16119,127

TesteFsignificativoaonívelde5%e1%deprobabilidade,respeaivamente



QU
AD

RO
2

-R
esu

mo
da

sa
ná

lis
es

de
va

riâ
nc

ia
de

aci
de

zt
itu

láv
el

(m
gd

eá
cid

oc
ítr

ico
/1

00
gp

olp
a),

pH
,s

óli
do

ss
olú

ve
is

(%
)

só
lid

os
so

lúv
eis

/ac
ide

z,
aç

úc
are

sr
ed

uto
res

(%
gli

co
se

),
aç

úc
are

sn
ão

red
uto

res
(%

gli
co

se
),

am
ido

(%
)d

ef
ru

tos
do

ma
mo

eir
oc

v.
'Su

nr
ise

So
lo'

du
ran

te
oa

rm
az

en
am

en
to

a1
0±

1°C
e8

5
±5

%
de

UR
,

co
m

es
em

em
ba

lag
em

(C
E

e
SE

;P
VC

15
um

)e
co

m
es

em
Cl

or
eto

de
cá

lci
o

(C
Ca

eS
Ca

;C
aC

I2
2%

).

C
a
u

sa
s

d
e

Q
U

A
D

R
A

D
O

S
M

É
D

IO
S*

'*
*

•
—

•

V
ar

ia
çã

o
G

L
A

c
.T

it
.

p
H

S
Ó

I.
S

o
l.

S
S

/A
c
.

A
ç.

T
o

t.
A

ç.
R

ed
.

A
ç.

N
.R

.
A

m
id

o

C
ál

ci
o

1
2

1
7

7
,6

3
0

5
*

*
0

,0
5

3
5

*
1

9
,7

7
6

0
*

*
0

,0
0

0
4

N
S

8
,6

0
7

0
**

1
6

,9
4

5
5

**
1

,2
8

5
2

*
0

,1
3

0
5

**
B

e
m

1
2

3
4

,1
9

5
5

N
S

0
,0

3
4

4
N

S
0

,7
2

2
5

N
S

0
,0

0
0

3
N

S
3,

35
51

*
2

,4
0

3
4

N
S

0
,0

6
4

0
N

S
0

,1
7

8
6

**
T

em
po

7
4

1
0

6
,4

7
0

5
*

*
1

,2
7

3
9

*
*

2
5

,3
7

3
0

**
0

,0
2

4
2

**
14

5,
12

29
N

S
10

6,
55

52
**

3
,4

0
6

5
**

0,
66

51
**

C
.\

E
1

4
8

4
7

,5
8

1
1

**
0

,0
2

7
9

N
S

7,
54

71
**

0
,0

0
3

0
*

0
,7

9
4

0
N

S
0

,6
7

9
9

N
S

0,
00

21
N

S
0

,0
2

8
5

N
S

C
x

T
7

4
8

7
,4

7
0

2
N

S
0

,0
4

9
2

*
*

1,
49

05
N

S
0

,0
0

0
8

N
S

6,
84

71
**

8
,4

9
6

1
*

*
0

,5
6

0
3

*
*

0
,0

7
7

8
**

E
x

T
7

4
7

0
,3

7
1

5
N

S
0

,0
3

2
1

*
2

,9
6

6
0

**
0

,0
0

1
1

**
0

,6
7

0
0

N
S

1
,1

6
6

4
N

S
0

,1
0

8
4

N
S

0
,0

2
7

3
N

S
C

x
E

x
T

7
5

0
5

,2
8

7
4

N
S

0
,0

1
4

7
N

S
0

,5
1

9
6

N
S

0
,0

0
0

8
N

S
1

,9
4

1
1

*
1

,7
5

1
1

*
0

,0
9

7
3

N
S

0
,0

4
3

0
**

R
c
si

d
u

o
1

2
8

—
.
.
.

—
.
.
.

.
.
.
_

M
e
d

ia
G

.
—

94
,9

2
5

,9
8

13
,1

8
0

,1
5

10
,9

4
9

,4
4

1,
42

2
2

,6
8

0,
41

C
V

(%
)

"
"
"

18
,2

8
18

,2
8

7,
26

15
,7

2
7

,8
2

9
,1

0
2

8
,2

0



QUADRO 3 - Resumo das análises de variância de vitamina C total, clorofila total e carotenóides de frutos do mamoeiro
cv. 'Sunrise Solo' durante o armazenamento a 10 ± 1°C e 85 ±5% de UR, com e sem embalagem (CE e
SE; PVC 15um) e com e sem Cloreto de cálcio (CCa e SCa; CaCI2 2%).

Causas de Variação

Cálcio

Emb

Tempo

CxE

CxT

ExT

C x E x T

Resíduo

Média G.

CV (%)

GL

1

1

7

1

7

7

7

128

QUADRADOS MÉDIOS*'**

Vitamina C Total

64,4501 NS

55,3039 NS

2136,7548**

89,6854 NS

297,4721 *

206,4052 NS

131,8830 NS

109,54

10,06

Clorofila Total

365,1460 NS

3350,9184 **

330,3232 NS

28,2182 NS

425,9440 *

164,6007 NS

112,4005 NS

61,75

21,35

*'**'** Teste Fsignificativo ao nível de 5% e1% de probabilidade, respectivamente.

Carotenóides

0,2624 *

0,1404 NS

0,6165**

0,0828 NS

0,1279 NS

0,1550*

0,0875 NS

1,14

22,32



QUADRO4-Resumodasanálisesdevariânciadetextura,pectinatotal,pectinasolúvel,protopeaina,solubilidade
peainametilesterase(PME),poligalaauronase(PG)defrutosdomamoeirocv.'SunriseSolo'duranteo
armazenamentoa10±1°Ce85±5%UR,comesemembalagem(CEeSE;PVC15um)ecomesemCloretode
cálcio(CCaeSCa;CaCI22%).

CausasdeQUADRADOSMÉDIOS*'**

VariaçãoGLFirmeza/PectinaTotalPectinaSol/%Solub.Protopectina,^PMEPG

Cálcio174005,5983**84468,1757**726363,9873**14958,5218**256593,5056**1568360**102413216*

Emb1231,7092NS17809,1611*18750,6313NS796,5971*106689,1807**8,3769*25977,5997**
Tempo711591,4416**73857,6627**122040,9905**2375,3622**61083,9826**49,9403**52423,7478**
CxE13909,3088**4814,2662NS183077,5636**4330,2526**91380,2539**30,3020**17200,7857**
CxT71968,8704**12972,3069**34698,3151**578,3743**14905,6799NS4,1440*2776,5025NS
ExT7941,7069*8556,5214*12785,0015**278,6131NS14363,9780NS2,3142NS4323,6742NS
CxExT7331,4018NS2320,980()NS26168,6630**635,6615**18855,8811*2,2215NS2456,0312NS
Resíduo128

—
—

—....«

MédiaG.
...

64,84578,96267,1144,92307,498,12305,82

CV(%)

*'**T>j._C.

28,8911,0032,0627,4030,1117,0816,04