Eficiência de instituições bancárias brasileiras

Abstract

The present dissertation had as main objective to measure and analyze the efficiency values of Brazilian banking institutions, as well as analyze the relations between size, type of capital control and Subprime financial crisis related to these efficiency values. The research data consisted of annual accounting information of the years from 2004 to 2014 of banking institutions from Consolidated group 1, of the report “50 Maiores Bancos do Brasil”, made available at the Banco Central do Brasil website. This group encompasses Commercial banks, Multiple banks with commercial portfolio and the Caixa Econômica Federal. The accounting information were transformed into economic-financial indicators that, in turn, were classified into output and input variables. To measure the efficiency values, the data envelopment analysis was applied, complementing the results using cluster analysis, logistic regression and t-student analysis. The preliminary results indicated the data envelopment analysis for measuring the efficiency values of banking institutions with variable returns of scale (DEA-BBC), using the as output variables Return on Net Equity (RNE), Net Margin (NM) and Financial Margin (FM) as economic-financial indicators, and, as input variables, Passive Interests (PI) and Operational Efficiency (OE) economic-financial indicators. In possession of the efficiency values of the banking institutions, an efficiency ranking was developed involving the period from 2004 to 2014, with the SICRED, BTG PACTUAL, MORGAN STANLEY, BXO JOHN DEERE and BONSUCESSO banking institutions best positioned and, BRADESCO, HSBC, ITAÚ, MERCANTIL DO BRASIL and SANTANDER banking institutions as the worst positioned in the ranking. Regarding size, the results showed that there is positive relation between the small institutions and the efficiency values, considering that the smaller the banking institution, the higher are the chances of presenting good results for efficiency values. Regarding the type of capital control, the results showed that there is no relation between public, private national or private foreign institutions over efficiency values. In addition, when analyzing size and type of capital control simultaneously, the results showed that the large public banking institutions (BANCO DO BRASIL and CAIXA ECONÔMICA FEDERAL) present superior efficiency values when compared to large private institutions (BRADESCO and ITAÚ). Finally, the results showed that, in general, the efficiency values of the banking institutions increased after the Subprime financial crisis.