Estudo da diversidade de fungos filamentosos da microbiota terroir em vinhedos do sul de Minas Gerais

Abstract

The microbiota terroir study aims to obtain the knowledge of the microbial ecosystem present in the grape, which presents great diversity of microorganisms such as yeasts, bacteria and fungi. The grapes microbiota is composed of some genera, such as Alternaria, Acremonium, Aspergillus, Cladosporium, Fusarium, Penicilliu e Rhizopus, as well as in the soil these species are also present. Some species are responsible for causing diseases in plants, such as fusariosis and bunch rot and other species may be responsible for the production of ochratoxin A. In this sense, the present study was carried out with the objectives of evaluating the fungi filamentous diversity present in grapes of the Syrah variety and in the vineyards soil, by serial dilutions in DRBC and DG18 means. In order to assist in the region microbiota knowledge and to correlate with the physical-chemical characteristics of the soil through principal components analysis (PCA), as well as to identify the terroir microbiota in the grapes by the technique of metagenomics. The results obtained show that, in grapes, there was predominance of genera Cladosporium, Penicillium and Aspergillus, representing 43.75%, 30.89% and 10.53% respectively. In the soil samples, the main found genera were Penicillium Cladosporium and Aspergillus, representing 18,60%, 17,13% e 16,97% respectively. In the metagenomic technique, taxonomic profiles were obtained in Domain, Phylum, Class, Order, Family, Genera and Species, and it was possible to obtain a greater predominance of Ascomycota phylum, followed by Basidiomycota, in which the top 20 species were grouped and then constructed a phylogenetic tree represented by genera as Cercospora, Uwebraunia, Aureobasidium, Leptospora, Pseudopithomyces, Periconia, Acroca lyma, Alternaria, Aspergillus,Pecinicillium, Hansfordia, Meyerozyma, Candida, Wickerhamo myces, Acremonium, Sarocladium, Giberella e Colletotrichum. The microbial diversity characterization of the grapes was successfully obtained, however, it was possible to observe a large number of individuals that were not classified, leading to the belief that future studies in this area need to be continued so that, more and more, we can have knowledge of these species and understand how these systems work.