Caracterização e utilização de biocarvão proveniente de resíduo madeireiro na produção de mudas florestal e frutífera e a campo de teca (Tectona grandis L.f.)

Abstract

Improperly disposed solid wastes can cause environmental damage, with often irreversible consequences that can lead to negative environmental impacts, such as environmental contamination and human and other animal and plant health problems. There are numerous ways of processing waste. Among them, stands out the pyrolysis method of organic residues to obtain biochar and later used in agricultural systems, as a soil conditioner, providing improvements on physical, chemical and biological characteristics of soil. Biochar is a carbon-rich product obtained from the thermal decomposition of organic materials with minimal presence or absence of oxygen and temperature varying from 350 to 700ºC and it’s used as a soil conditioner. Therefore, the objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of biochar and activated biochar as a component of substrates, in different concentrations, in the production of eucalyptus (Eucalyptus grandis X Eucalyptus urophylla) and passion fruit (Passiflora edulis Sims) seedlings in a plant nursery and to characterize them physically and chemically and, in addition, verify their field performance in Teak production (Tectona grandis L. f.).The study was carried out in two stages: the first experiment was carried out in the forest nursery Flora Sinop and the second in the experimental field at EMBRAPA Agrossilvipastoril, from 2013 to 2017. Both experiments were conducted in Sinop - Mato Grosso. Biometric variables such as height, stem diameter, leaf number, fresh and dry matter for passion fruit and eucalyptus seedlings were evaluated in different concentrations of substrates with biochar and activated biochar. In the field experiment, Teak biometric data such as height and diameter were evaluated for 3 years. In the first experiment, in a plant nursery, a randomized block experimental design was used, constituting, each tray, one block, with 10 treatments and four replications. In the second experiment, performed in the field, six treatments with four replications were used, with 25 trees evaluated, totaling 600 sample plots. Biochar has desirable characteristics for a good seedling substrate. Biochar acts as a soil conditioner on agricultural soils, influencing the increasing production, besides to enable adequate waste disposal. In conclusion the activated biochar presented the best results both as a substrate for seedling production and in Teak on field cultivation. Biochar is an alternative to residues fate.