Estratégias de aplicação de selênio para biofortificação do feijoeiro comum e seus efeitos residuais no capim Mombaça

Abstract

In an approach that offers specific improvements in human nutrition and health, food biofortification has emerged as an effective strategy to increase the content of Se in food. This work aims to evaluate different Se application strategies for agronomic biofortification of common bean and the residual effect of these applications without improving mombaça grass with Se. For this study, a 0-20 cm layer of a dystrophic Red-yellow Latosol with a clay texture was collected. The experiments were conducted in a greenhouse located at the Federal University of Lavras. In order to evaluate a biofortification of common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), set up an experiment in randomized blocks, in a 5x6 factorial arrangement, with 5 doses of Se (0.0; 0.2; 0.4; 0.6 and 0 , 8 mg dm-3) and 6 methods of application. A source of Se used in all application methods was selected for sodium. The tested methods for adding Se were: MAP enriched with Se (MAP-Se), urea enriched with Se (Urea-Se), foliar spray (Foliar-Se), MAP-Se + Urea-Se, MAP-Se + Folia -Se and Urea-Se + Foliar-Se. In order to evaluate the residual effect of the different Se addition methods, it was grown in the same pots, after the bean, or mombaça grass (Panicum maximum Jacq vr. Mombaça). The supply of Se makes it possible to increase bean grains and the aerial part of mombaça grass, with a reduction in these measures between the application methods that are used and those that are the Urea-Se, Foliar-Se and Urea-Se + Foliar-Se were the most efficient. In bean grains, or the supply of increasing doses of plants to plants provided positive linear increases in plant concentration for all methods used. The methods that received an application via soil presenting a great potential for residual effect, mainly for the MAP-Se, Urea-Se and MAP-Se + Urea-Se methods, since increments in the contents of Se in the aerial part of the forage were selected grown in succession to beans. It shows whether an application of Se, in the form of sodium selector via fertilizers available in the soil and via foliar, enables or increases the content of Se in the bean bean, being a viable strategy in the biofortification process with selenium.