Leis de escala em sistemas urbanos

Abstract

Empirical evidence suggests a non-linear relationship between some urban variables and the size of cities (population). The data show a power law with a very characteristic and valid scale exponent for different urban systems. We introduce some theories about the formation of these scaling relations in cities, in addition to the properties of power laws. We study the gravitatio- nal model of urban mobility with data from the Brazilian commuting movement using complex network formalism, our results consist of a new scaling relationship for the gravitational decay exponent and a comparison of the same exponent coming from power laws of the worker- distance relationship of the cities. Our other approach consists in the study of urban hierarchies of the Brazilian commuting movement network generated by a method called Stochastic Bloc- king Model (SBM). In these hierarchies, we study the distribution of artificial resources and the distribution of the exponent of urban indicators, as well as the structure of communities formed by metrics of complex networks. Finally, we study the distribution of real resources distributed by the Nation to the other federative entities called the Fundo de Participação dos Municípios (FPM), we also propose new criteria for the distribution of resources given the socio-economic parameters of the municipalities, analyzing the per capita income and Gini Coefficient