Desempenho cognitivo em indivíduos com diabetes tipo 2: impacto dos fatores influentes no status de vitamina D

Abstract

Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a rapidly increasing public health problem and vitamin D deficiency has been associated with the progression of the disease. As several longitudinal epidemiological studies in recent decades have linked DM with an increased risk of cognitive impairment (particularly type 2 DM (DM2)), the present study aimed to assess the factors influencing vitamin D status and the relationship with cognitive status of individuals with DM2, in the municipality of Barbacena - MG. This is a case-control study, involving the urban population of Barbacena-MG, diagnosed or not with DM2, of both genders, aged over 45 years. Socioeconomic and anthropometric data (body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), calf circumference (LC), waist-to-height ratio (WHR)), food frequency questionnaire (FFQ), factors associated with status were collected. of vitamin D (sun exposure, skin phototype and vitamin D supplementation) and cognitive assessment through the mini-mental state examination (MMSE). The participants were 232 individuals classified as control (n=138) and with DM2 (n=94) and subdivided into adults (n=101) and elderly (n=131) (79.2% adults and 67.9% elderly people from the women). Elderly people with DM2 had a lower frequency of singles (p= 0.028), higher frequency of schooling without education or with incomplete initial education ((p= 0.030). There were no statistical differences in anthropometric parameters and skin phototype. Adults with DM2 practiced less activity physical activity in the sun (p=0.034) and used less sunscreen (p=0.005). Adults without diabetes used more sunscreen (p=0.001) on their face (p=0.012). A significant portion of the general population had 1 to 4 years of study, and at this level of education there was a considerable prevalence of individuals with cognitive impairment (64.8%). Cluster 1 (lower vitamin D status) had a higher percentage of individuals with DM2 with impairment cognitive, in schooling 1 to 4 years (p=0.007). Cluster 2 (higher vitamin D status) had more individuals with no education or incomplete initial education (with DM2: p=0.019; control: p=0.007). Source foods of vitamin D were consumed in low frequency. Our study suggests that low vitamin D status may have influenced cognitive status particularly in the T2DM group.