Distribuição da posse da terra e desenvolvimento sócio econômico: uma análise da correlação entre o índice de Gini e o IDH entre regiões de Minas Gerais

Abstract

The concentration of land ownership in Brazil is a historical fact, dating back to the creation of hereditary captaincies and sesmarias. Based on this highly concentrated structural base, Brazil conceived an economic and social development model that in all its cycles kept the land ownership structure practically unchanged. The 1950s and 1960s were a reference point for many Brazilian thinkers and researchers, such as Caio Prado Jr, Alberto Passos Guimarães, Celso Furtado, and Ignácio Rangel, among others, who dedicated themselves to discussing a rural development model capable of changing the highly concentrated agrarian structure existing in Brazil. After the military coup of 1964, while the government instituted official mechanisms for land regulation, it prioritized measures that led to the modernization of the technological base of the farmlands, without considering the land concentration. This period became known as "conservative modernization", because of its character of concentrating resources on large landowners and rural companies. It was the same period marked by the significant rural exodus between the 1960s and 1980s. Throughout this period, even with state intervention, with the creation of settlement and colonization projects in the North Region, the base of the agrarian structure was little altered in the sense of deconcentration. The concentration of land ownership may constitute a factor that interferes with the dynamics of economic and social development. In this sense, recent studies have pointed to the existence of a relationship between the two factors, but it is still difficult to estimate the degree of this influence. The present dissertation has the intention of investigating the relationship between land tenure concentration (Gini) and economic and social development (HDI) for the southern and central mesoregions of the state of Minas Gerais, based on information from the last Agricultural Census, completed in 2017, as well as the latest official statistics from the United Nations Development Programme - UNDP on municipal human development in Brazil, based on data obtained from the last Demographic Census conducted in Brazil, in the year 2010.