Primeira avaliação do efeito antimutagênico in vivo da mangaba e identificação do seu perfil fenólico

Abstract

Mangaba (Hancornia speciosa Gomes), fruit native to the Cerrado (tropical savanna ecoregion), presents a great exploitation potential due to its attractive sensorial characteristics, high nutritional value and presence of bioactive substances. This work was carried out with the purpose of evaluating the chemical composition of the mangaba pulp, in addition to verifying its protecting\ in vivo mutagenicity-inducing effect. For this purpose, the study was constituted of two parts, in the first step, the chemical characterization (centesimal composition, titrable acidity, pH, soluble solids, minerals, antioxidant activity, ascorbic acid, carotenoids, total phenolic compounds and phenolic profile) was conducted and in the second step, the mutagenic\antimutagenic of the mangaba pulp were evaluated through the micronucleus test of bone marrow and colon, apoptosis, oxidative stress and comet assay. For the doing of the in vivo experiment, the Ethic Principles in the Animal Experimentation adopted by the Colégio Brasileiro de Experimentação Animal (COBEA) (Brazilian College of Animal Experimentation) certified by the Ethics Committee in the Use of Animals of Unifal-MG (protocol number 417/2012). 80 Swiss mice aged 4 to 5 weeks (25 ± 5g body weight) were used, these were fed ad libitum a commercial diet and water, remained under controlled conditions with temperature of 22° C (± 3° C); relative humidity of air of 50% (± 20%) and a light cycle of 12h light /12h dark, during the period of 14 days. The animals were divided into ten groups, containing 8 animals in each. The mangaba pulp was given at three doses, 10, 20 and 40 ml/kg of body weight, by gavage of the experimental time a day. At the end of the experimental time, the animals were given doxorubicin (DXR) or dimethylhydrazine (DMH), mutagenicity-inducing drugs or physiologic salt solution and on the 15th days, the animals were anesthetized (ketamine and xylazine) and next, submitted to euthanasia. For the conduction of the analyses, during the necropsy, the cells of the bone marrow cells, livers and peripherical blood were collected from the animals which received DXR and the livers and colons were removed from the animals which were given DMH. As main results, one can stand out that in the mangaba pulp, seven phenolic compounds were identified: galic acid, catechin, chlorogenic acid, vanilic acid, o-coumaric acid, rosmarinic acid and rutin. The in vivo tests revealed that the mangaba pulp did not show toxic/mutagenic effects in any of the assays conducted, presenting protecting effects. In the three concentrations of mangaba administered, the main results on the protecting effects were the following: micronucleus test of bone marrow (42.33, 58.14 and 77.21%), micronucleus test of colon (34.21, 63.15 and 78.07%), apoptosis index (57.5, 43.68 and 65.52%). It follows that this study provides scientific evidence to the antimutagenic potential of the mangaba pulp and reinforces its potential as a functional food with applicability in the food industry.