Hortaliças não convencionais: quantificação do DNA, contagem cromossômica, caracterização nutricional e fitotécnica

Abstract

There is a great importance in preservation of edible vegetables underutilized species, of which only a small number presents scientific evidences. Thus, to obtain further scientific knowledge about unconventional vegetables in Brazil, three different studies were performed. The first study was carried to characterize the nutritional constituents present in tree chicory (Lactuca canadensis L.), sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.), basella (Basella alba L.), nasturtium (Tropaeolum majus L.), spot pigweed (Amaranthus viridis L.), red pigweed (Amaranthus hybridus L.), wild Coriander (Eryngium campestre L.), lamb's ear (Stachys byzantina K. Koch) and cocoyam (Xanthosoma sagittifolium L.). All species showed to have antioxidant activity and varying levels of nutritional compounds of interest, such as phenolic compounds, vitamin C, pectin, carotenoids, anthocyanins monomeric, calorific value, acidity, fibers and nitrate content. The second study aimed count the chromosomes and quantify nuclear DNA by flow cytometry of unconventional vegetables in Brazil. In this study, the genome from Rumex acetosa L. was represented by 14 chromosomes and 7.04 pg of nuclear DNA; Basella alba L. was represented by 44 chromosomes and 7.05 pg of nuclear DNA; Tropaeolum majus L. represented by 28 chromosomes and 2.08 pg of nuclear DNA; Stachys byzantina K. Koch represented by 30 chromosomes and 1.54 pg of nuclear DNA and Hibiscus sabdariffa L. was represented by 72 chromosomes and its genome was quantified at 5.12 pg. The third study aimed to evaluate the productive parameters of sorrel (Rumex acetosa L.) and Lamb's ear (Stachys byzantina K.) submitted to different concentrations of fertilization and different levels of planting densities, as well characterize the vegetative growth stages of these species through different experiments carry out. Sorrel in soil with good availability of P and K, was more productive (75 Mg ha-1 ) when conducted in more dense spacing (30x35 cm), under fertilization of 150 kg ha-1 N, 60 kg ha-1 K2O and 100 kg ha-1 of P2O5. Stachys byzantine, in soil with low availability of P and K, was more productive (48.05 Mg.ha-1 ) when conducted in less dense spacing (50x30 cm) under the fertilization of 300 kg ha-1 N, 240 kg ha-1 of K2O and 800 kg .ha-1 of P2O5. The growth stages of crops, from planting to harvest, were established in 100 and 140 days after planting for sorrel and Lamb's ear respectively.