Potencial de estabelecimento de espécies arbóreas implantadas em renques em sistemas agroflorestais no estado do Quindío, Colômbia

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the establishment potential of commercially and environmentally important tree species. These trees were grown in a intercropping agroforestry system with coffee (Coffea arabica) and plantain (Musa paradisiaca), in simple planting lines at spacing of 4 meters between trees. The experiment was established in completely randomized design, in the State of Quindio, Colombia, in 2013. The following forestry species were assessed as treatments: Jacaranda caucana, Tecoma stans, Handroanthus chrysanthus, Spathodea campanulata, Trichanthera gigantea, Swietenia macrophylla, Cedrela odorata, Lafoensia speciosa, Cupania americana, Inga edulis, Erythrina edulis, Schizolobium parahyba, Tabebuia rosea and Cordia alliodora. Four forest ownerships were involved in the study, which occurred 16 months after planting in El Oasis, Cristales and La Bretanha ownerships; and 18 months after planting in the La Perla ownership. Eight treatments with four replications, and sample plots consisting of three plants in the stand were assessed in La Perla ownership; five treatments with four replicates, and sample plots consisting of three plants in the stand were assessed in El Oasis ownership; five treatments with five replicates, and sample plots consisting of five plants in the stand were assessed in Cristales ownership; and five treatments with five replicates, and sample plots consisting of four plants in the stand were assessed in La Bretanha ownership. The following parameters were evaluated: species survival, trunk diameter, diameter at breast height, total height, crown projection area, trunk form, disease index, pest attack index, nutritional deficiency, and vegetative vigor. The Sisvar and Asistat statistical packages were used for the Analysis of Variance and means test. The species Schizolobium parahyba, Cordia alliodora, Jacaranda caucana, Cupania americana, Trichanthera gigantea, and Tecoma stans showed the greatest establishment potential, survival rates greater than 66%, rapid development, and resistance to pests and diseases. In addition, they were found to be well-adapted to soil and climatic conditions of the Region under study.