Desempenho de clones de eucalipto em função de condições ambientais

Abstract

One of the great challenges of forestry exploitation is to identify clones that can be recommended to the various conditions in which the Eucalyptus is grown, since forestry is conducted in thousands of hectares, often located in different states and with wide variation in environmental conditions. In this context, this study aimed, using clones evaluation experiments conducted in different parts of Brazil, verify if the clone site selection affects its performance when used in other regions and to estimate the contribution of various climate and soil factors on clonal performance when evaluated in different environmental conditions. Were used the growth data from assessment of 49 Eucalyptus clones from Fibria Celulose S.A. company in eight environments in Espírito Santo, Bahia, São Paulo and Mato Grosso do Sul states. The clonal tests were installed in a randomized block design, with 30 replications in seven environments and 40 in the other, and plot of one plant. Data relating to the diameter at breast height (DAP), height (h) and volume (V) of trees, with three years, were submitted to analysis of variance by environment and, subsequently, by the joint analysis. Regression equations between the dependent variable volume (Y) and the independent variables, environmental factors of climate and soil (X) were obtained. It was found that the company clones showed great variation in the genetic potential. The clones x locations interaction was significant demonstrating that, in terms of volumetric performance, the behavior of the clones were not coincident in different locations. The response to environmental factors varied among clones, especially for altitude, rainfall, boron and zinc. For most of the clones, the site selection did not provide greater adaptation to their origination region. Highlight for clones 8 and 22 as the most stable and adapted to the three exploitation regions of the forestry company.