Seleção de progênies de “mundo novo” para o programa de melhoramento de Coffea arabica L. da EPAMIG

Abstract

Brazilian coffee production plays an important role in the Brazilian economy and in the foreign market, but the profit margin of the activity is small due to high production costs. More adapted and productive cultivars can help to reduce production costs and make coffee cultivation more profitable. The objective of this study was to select progenies of Coffea arabica L. originated from the crosses of New World x New World and New World x Bourbon for the coffee genetic enhancement program of EPAMIG (Agricultural Research Company of Minas Gerais). The work consists of two experiments in the experimental design in randomized blocks, situated in two municipalities of Minas Gerais, both with 3 replications and 25 treatments. Twenty-four progenies were used in the F4 generation from crosses between progenies of New World with New World and of New World with Bourbon and 1 treatment as a control, the cultivar World IAC 379/19. The first experiment was located in São Sebastião do Paraíso, Minas Gerais, in the Experimental Field of São Sebastião do Paraíso (CESP), with 10 plants per plot and spacing of 3.2m between rows and 0.8m between plants. The second experiment was located in the municipality of Três Pontas, Minas Gerais, in the Experimental Field of Três Pontas (CETP), with 7 plants per plot and spacing of 3.2m between rows and 0.8m between plants. It was evaluated reproductive characteristics as productivity in sc.ha-1 with an average of 4 years and percentage of sieve 17 above the year of 2015. The vegetative characteristics were evaluated in the year of 2015, through the vegetative vigor with (grade scale of 1 -10), height of plants (meters), diameter of evade (meters), diameter of canopy (meters), diameter of stem (millimeters). In order to choose the best progenies, the ranking was done according to the selection index of Mulamba and Mock (1978), known as the sum of stations. The sum of stations used as the selection index indicated the progenies 1 [H 6664 - IAC 376-2 (New W.) x IAC386-17 (New W.)], progenies 20 [H 2917 - IAC 382-10 (New W.) x IAC 388-20 (New W.)] and progenies 22 [H 1596 - H 1535/181 (New W.) x (S795) 1344/10/5] as the most promising to be used in the genetic enhancement program of Coffea arabica L. coordinated by EPAMIG.