Controle biológico conservativo e produção integrada do morangueiro (PIMo)

Abstract

Pests management in strawberry crop are mainly carried out by intensive use of chemical insecticides, however, this strategy has hampered the advance in fruit consumption due to constant problems associated with the presence of residues. Thus, conservative biological control represents a valuable technique for arthropod regulation with potential to contribute to integrated pest management in strawberry cultivation. This work aimed to identify and compare populations of hymenopteran parasitoids in four areas of strawberry production in the municipality of Alfredo Vasconcelos, Minas Gerais, and also identify factors that potentially favor or hinder the colonization and establishment of these agents in strawberry cultivation. The potential of marigold (Tagetes erecta L.) to influence the arthropod community associated with strawberry was also evaluated. And, finally, help a group of farmers in a process of certification in Integrated Strawberry Production. With data from collected arthropods, ecological indexes were calculated and statistically compared by analysis of variance. In relation to parasitoids associated with strawberry, it was possible to observe that strawberry plants support reduced quantity and diversity of parasitoids. Of the captured parasitoids the families Encyrtidae, Scelionidae and Figitidae were the most representative. In addition, it was observed that sprays with insecticides and acaricides significantly alter the incidence of these agents in the crops and natural areas around the strawberry favor their occurrence. About the use of marigold, it was verified that these plants supported a greater richness and diversity of arthropods when compared to strawberry, but the presence of marigold next to strawberry plants did not influence the community of arthropods associated with the strawberry. Regarding Integrated Production, throughout this work it was possible to consolidate important cultural practices that helped farmers during the phase of property adaptation to Integrated Production standards, culminating with the certification of six properties. In this context, it was possible to reduce the use of fungicides and insecticides, consequently improving the fruit quality that reaches consumers.