Análise de um projeto de Mecanismo de Desenvolvimento Limpo (Protocolo de Quioto) para a Mata Atlântica em Minas Gerais

Abstract

The evidences of climate change are observed in many parts of the world and recent reports show evidences that the anthropogenic activities are highly responsible. In 2005, the Kyoto Protocol was invigorated and a goal was established to decrease 5,2% of many industrialized countries' emissions of greenhouse gas, related to the values of 1990. Some alternative mechanisms were presented and the Clean Development Mechanism is the only among the three that involves the participation of developing countries. The selling of carbon credits is consideredto be an interesting market optionto such countries. There are hundreds of non-forest projects registered bye the UNFCCC s Executive Boardand, since 2006, forest methodologies havebeenapproved. The Atlantic Forest Protection Project (Promata) of the State Forest Institute (IEF) of Minas Gerais have supported studies of the conversion potential of áreas not planted, included in the Project, in a LULUCF-CDM project when its stated period is extinguished. Promata is divided into five components, being the component of interest named "Sustainable development on the surrounding áreas ofconservation units". A fíeld visit was done in August 2005 in order to observe the different scenarios found in the included área. The data then collected, along withthe dataofrecent native species planting were compared to the available methodologies for implementation ofForestation and Reforestation CDM projects. The modalities used by Promata that are not eligible for CDM projects (natural regeneration and management and enrichment) were used in 62% of the áreas fomented. The rural properties observed do not present a correct management of agricultural and grazing lands. The deforestation is frequent in order to give continuity to agriculture. Among the methodologies studied and compared, thejunction ofthe methodologies 2 and4 demonstrated thepossibility ofconversion oftheáreas notplanted bythe Promata Project to a CDM project, after the first one is extinguished. The IEF infra-structure that permits a higher credibility to the interested buyers, the advantages ofBrazil in relation to the climate, área availability and diversity reafnrm the high potential ofconversion ofthe Promata into a A/R-CDM project.