Viabilidade técnica e econômica do cafeeiro (Coffea arábica L.) fertirrigado com fósforo

Abstract

The study aim was to evaluate the coffee yield and the profitability when submitted to different phosphorous doses applied in different levels of irrigation depth replacement in three consecutive seasons for Lavras region, Minas Gerais State, Brazil. The data used in this study were collected from an experiment conducted at the Agriculture Department, Federal University of Lavras. The verity Topaz MG-1190 were used and the planting date was January 2010 and the treatments started at November 2011. The first production was at the following year (2012), and the other in two subsequent harvests (2013 and 2014). The experimental design was of randomized in blocks using factorial scheme, being composed of five treatments of irrigation depth and four doses of P2O5 applied by drip. Irrigation depth were estimated according to fractions of the crop coefficient (0.4, 1.3, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.6 of the Kci), and doses of P2O5 were 0, 80, 240 and 720 kg ha -1 , divided in 12 applications during the year. The first three years yield were analyzed technically and economically in function of the different treatments. The coffee plant shown to be not responsive for both, irrigation and doses of phosphorus for the three years evaluated. Treatment with phosphorus with 240 kg ha -1 associated with irrigation depth above 70% of Kci, and the treatment with 720 kg ha -1 of phosphorus were not viable economically. It was found that in regions suitable for rainfed cultivation and soils with good levels of phosphorus, the irrigation depth of 40% of kci with the lowest dosage of P2O5 were sufficient to achieve the maximum technical and economically efficiency.