Análise dos fatores produtivos e relações de custos da exploração leiteira das microrregiões do Cotinguiba e de Nossa Senhora das Dores, Sergipe, 1978/1979

Abstract

This research analysed the conditions in which the production of milk and the cost of production in the microregions of Cotinguiba and Nossa Senhora das Dores, in the state of Sergipe are operated. Specifically the objetives were to analyse the production costs; and to determine the relationships between the total cost and the total production. The period of time considered for the research was from june of 1978 to may of 1979. The data were collected through direct interviews with 51 milk producers divided into four classes according to the diary production. It was verified low milk production per ha/year about 271 liters. One verified statistical differences when comparing the average of class IV individually, to the average of the other classes. The cows utilized in the exploration are of low yielding milk, contributing to a low production. The incrementation of the volume of production is interrelated with the increase of the number of animals. The total average costs and the total fixed costs have participated respectively, with 60 and 40% of the total costs. Productive cows is the item which most added to the total costs (51%), and hired labor is the most expensive for the total variable costs (45%). The average cost per unity of milk are negatively related to the production admitting the existence of economies of scale . However, the entrepreneurs have losses because of the high cost of production. The level of production is the main economic variable which affects the costs. Through the cubic equation of total cost it was obtained the optimum point of production of 431 liters/day and a unitary cost of Cr$ 4,24 per liter. Some farmers of the fourth class are working at an optimum level of production, even though they have been paying only the variable costs and part of the fix costs due to the low price received from the co-operative society. Some points were suggested as follow: - That the producers try to increase the supporting capacity of their pastures. - That the producers try to maintain a stock of forage for the critical periods of dry season. That the producers improve the present milk productivity through improved cows. - That the producers decrease the percentage of non productive cows in the herds. - To study, the possibility of introduction of new combinations of existing resources. - To carry out researches in the milk yielding valley of the country of Arauã, comparing its results to the present research, - Consideration about additional incomes from by -products of the milk production. - To increase labor training.