Sistemas tecnológicos na pecuária leiteira: uma abordagem multivariada

Abstract

The Present work presents a study on the presence of different technological systems of milk production, from a sample of farmers assisted by Emater-Rio which makes up the monitoring dairy cattle program. Aiming to identify the different technological systems variables indicating use of technology for 74 farmers and for the CNPGL crossbred cattle system which were submitted the three multivariate statistical technics: Analysis of Factors, Cluster Analysis and Discriminam Analysis were employed. Three distinct technological systems, whose technical and economics results were compared through Scott &Knott means tests, with the goal of both characterizing them and comparing their results with one another and with EMBRAPA's - dairy cattle crossbred cattle system. System 1is the technologically most advanced, for presenting a more intensive use of the production factors, higher yields and a viabilities of technological resources, being made up by 7 farmers. System 2 is regarded as a intermediary system of technology use, where the farmers who make part of it, are turned to a business with emphasis on production scales (use of larger areas and herds), is formed of 6 farmers and of EMBRAPA's crossbred cattle system - dairy cattle. System 3 proved to be the poorest as to the use of technology. The 61 farmers of the this group explorers dairy cattle on a extensive basis, not using many technologically advanced resources. In spite of differing in terms of technology use, the production systems identified do not do it in terms of economics results, as differences obtained among the variables indicating costs, income and gross margin were not statistically significant, showing that, whichever the technological resources utilized by farmers they are rationally allocated. These results showed that in terms of technology use, Rio de Janeiro's dairy farming presents itself greatly underdeveloped, since over 80% of farms lie below the standard adopted as a reference, which was the crossbred cattle system (EMBRAPAdairy cattle).