Pré-tratamento da biomassa lignocelulósica de cachos vazios de dendê (Elaeis spp) por macro-basidiomicetos: cultivo e caracterização genômica

Abstract

At the moment there is growing concern about the depletion of fossil resources and increasing energy demand. Alternative sources of energy are the key to the sustainable development of society. In this context, the use of agroindustrial waste for energy generation, biofuels, biopolymers, and chemicals, has stimulated many types of research. However, lignocellulosic residues present highly recalcitrant fractions, requiring the use of pre-treatments. In this sense, a range of works, have discussed alternatives to the use of pre-treatments that generate toxic waste and are expensive. Among them, the biological pre-treatment with fungi of white rot or macro-basidiomycetes, however, has been shown, however, some characteristics, such as selectivity in relation to lignin, low consumption of polysaccharides (cellulose and hemicellulose) and shorter colonization time, define a promising lineage. Based on this, the

present work was elaborated aiming the selection and genomic characterization of macro- basidiomycetes, for pretreatment of the empty fruit bunches, abundant lignocellulosic biomass

of the palm oil agroindustry (Elaeis spp.) And the generation of monomers (hexoses, pentoses) and phenolic acids derived from lignin with different biotechnological applications. For this, the work was initiated with a screening of macrofungi, isolated from Brazilian cerrado, or purchased at fairs, deposited in the Collection of Microorganisms and Microalgae with Application in Agroenergy and Biorefineries (CMMAABio). The fungi had their crude enzymatic extracts evaluated in relation to the activities of lignocellulolytic enzymes; in addition, these extracts were used to compose cocktails or enzymatic mixtures and to hydrolyze the empty bunch. In sequence, the selectivity of a group of fungi during FES was evaluated and, finally, 2 selected lines had their genomes sequenced on the Illumina HiSeq 2500 and PacBio new generation platforms, assembled and annotated. It is evaluated that the present study made it possible to explore as much as possible the knowledge about the enzymatic and genetic abilities of the macro-basidiomycetes, besides contributing to other knowledge and discussions.