Influência da ingestão de micronutrientes, fatores sociais, demográficos e comportamentais sobre a condição periodontal de adultos assistidos pela Estratégia Saúde da Família (ESF)

Abstract

Periodontitis is a multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease. It has great relevance due to its high prevalence worldwide. The occurrence and severity of periodontitis are directly related to socioeconomic and behavioral factors, such as low family income, low education and smoking. Recently, factors linked to diet have been investigated as capable of altering periodontal health. In this sense, micronutrients represent important elements involved in controlling the metabolism and integrity of periodontal tissues. Thus, the lack of access to a balanced diet, rich in vitamins and minerals can predispose to inflammatory diseases, such as obesity, diabetes mellitus and periodontitis. The aim of this study was to evaluate the association between micronutrient intake and socio-demographic-behavioral factors, as predictors of periodontal condition in adults assisted by the Family Health Strategy (FHS). Participants (n = 450) were proportionally selected through probabilistic sampling by clusters from all Family Health Units, in a city of approximately 100 thousand inhabitants. The data collection, for determining the nutritional and the periodontal condition of the population, were carried out in a single moment (cross-sectional study), through home visits, in the year 2019. In each consultation, general and nutritional anamnesis were performed using Food Frequency Questionnaire, Anthropometric Assessment and Periodontal Assessment. The periodontal clinical examination was performed on all volunteers by a single examiner. Sounding depth (PS) measurements were performed using PSR (Periodontal Screening and Recording). Principal component analysis was used to group the 17 micronutrient intake. Subsequently, a cluster analysis was conducted to identify groups of participants with similar profiles, according to the periodontal condition. The prevalence of individuals, with at least one periodontal pocket ≥ 4 mm, was 67.4%, being more frequent in males (73.7%). The clusters characterized that individuals with bad periodontal condition (44.8%) were older, had comorbidities, were smokers, with low energy consumption, had a low educational level and had low consumption of N-3, fibers, Zn, K, Cu and vitamin C. The individuals with the healthiest periodontium (12%) were young, with high energy consumption, without comorbidities, with higher education and higher consumption of N-3, fibers, Zn, calcium, retinol and riboflavin. It was concluded that, mainly, variations in the intake of N-3, fibers and Zn, as well as socio-behavioral factors such as age, sex, consumption of tobacco and alcohol, educational level, income and presence of comorbidities, were associated with the periodontal status of adult users of the public health system.