Efeitos do treinamento funcional de alta intensidade em mulheres diabéticas do tipo 2 na menopausa

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is one of the most prevalent diseases of the century. And obesity is considered to be one of the main factors of its biogenesis. Women are prevalent among the obese, favoring the occurrence of a greater number of type 2 diabetics, especially after menopause. The deleterious effects of menopause, linked to the implications of diabetes, predispose the development of metabolic syndrome (MS), which is a group of abnormalities, such as central obesity, dyslipidemia, and hypertension. Currently, there are numerous treatments capable of reducing the effects of menopause and diabetes, however, they are of the high cost to public health systems. On the other hand, physical exercise appears as a lower-cost alternative and with benefits in the short, medium, and long terms, such as improved glycemic control, lipid profile, endothelial dysfunction, and the cardiovascular autonomic response. These cardiometabolic benefits are of paramount importance in the treatment of DM2, helping to prevent its onset or delaying the progression of chronic disease complications, making physical exercise one of the main non-pharmacological measures to control diabetes. The literature points out traditional training methods (resistance, aerobic, and combined) as effective in type 2 diabetics, whether in the gain of lean mass and consequently improvement in the glycemic profile, in the loss of fat and attenuation in systemic inflammation, or in women in menopause, with improved quality of life and health. However, studies indicate resistance to lifestyle change and low continuity in physical training programs, making it necessary to identify strategies that result in greater adherence. Functional training, a modality that incorporates a variety of functional movements, such as sitting and standing, running, jumping, pushing, and pulling, and which can be performed at varying intensities and with some ease, as most exercises use bodyweight. It is a type of training that was designed to improve the parameters of general physical fitness and motor performance, in addition to contributing beneficially to metabolic parameters such as blood pressure, insulin resistance, and glucose metabolism. Therefore, the objective of this study was to fill a gap in the literature regarding the cardiorespiratory, cardiometabolic, functional capacity and quality of life benefits of high-intensity functional training in menopausal type 2 diabetics, attended by basic health units (UBS)), from the municipality of Lavras - MG. For this, 12 women participated in the study voluntarily and underwent weekly functional training sessions (3x per week and 60min in duration), for 16 weeks. Parameters of body composition, blood pressure, functional capacity, VO2max were evaluated, as well as laboratory tests for fasting blood glucose (GJ), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-c, HDL-c, and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c). A questionnaire was also applied to find out the effects of the intervention on the quality of life of these patients. After 16 weeks, there was no improvement in body composition, nor in the lipid parameters evaluated. O2 consumption was significantly increased, and there were significant improvements in the patients' functional capacity. A reduction in systolic blood pressure (SBP) was observed, as well as a reduction in GJ, but HbA1c did not improve significantly. The training also improved the patients' quality of life. We conclude then that 16 weeks of high-intensity functional training was sufficient to promote health benefits for postmenopausal type 2 diabetic women.